The Mockingbird Theme in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee

This novel by Harper Lee has a seemingly curious title to a reader who looks at it in a literal way. Someone may argue that there are no mockingbirds in To Kill a Mockingbird but I beg to differ. An actual mockingbird may not play a large role in this story however the idea and connotation of a mockingbird becomes evident throughout the story in many characters. This is a major theme in the story and is shown through the characters Boo Radley, Mr. Raymond, and Tom Robinson all connected in the fact that they are innocent good hearted people corrupted by the evil surrounding them. Scout and Jem Finch are introduced to the novel as well as the small town of Maycomb. â€Å"There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no†¦show more content†¦She also says that most of the rumors about him are false, but that if he wasnt crazy as a boy, he probably is by now. Boo even leaves chewing gum for Scout and Jem in an Oak tree outside his house. The children one day find an Indian head penny in the same tree. Boo’s father then puts cement in the knothole where the children played the type of leaving and finding game, preventing Boo with any outside contact at all. Boo, like a mockingbird, did nothing besides entertain, whose innocent fun was destroyed by his evil father. Boo continues his good-hearted deeds putting a blanket around Scout in a later chapter and even rescuing Scout and Jem from Bob Ewell an enemy of their father. In this act of courage Boo the childhood phantom of Maycomb then becomes Boo the human being, no longer s hrouded by the evil rumors and away from his evil father. Mr. Dolphus Raymond is a peculiar character who lives on the outskirts of Maycomb County with his black wife and mulatto children. In chapter 20 during the trial of Tom Robinson he sits with Scout and Dill.Mr Raymond offers him a drink in a paper bag. Dill drinks it and tells Scout that the drink isnt alcoholic its only Coca-Cola. Mr. Raymond tells the children that he only pretends to be a drunk to provide the white people with an explanation for his lifestyle, when, in fact, he simply prefers black people to whites. This may seem an insufficient reason but that is however also the white people of Maycomb’s explanation asShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee939 Words   |  4 PagesSharon Yin Mrs. Reynolds English 9H 8 March 2015 Themes Foreshadowed in the First Chapter The first pages of a novel often introduce the major topics of the work, which is exactly what author Harper Lee did. The first chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird creates a basis and foreshadows the major themes that play out during the rest of the novel; themes such as prejudice, childhood and growing up, small town southern life, and bravery. One of the most crucial motifs in this novel is prejudice. TheRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee2681 Words   |  11 PagesHonors III 01 June 2015 Independent Novel Project To Kill A Mocking Bird Knowledge Section Significance of Title The title of the book is â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† which is a bird that Atticus told Jem not to shoot at, and Ms. Maudie has described as the one type of bird that shouldn’t be killed because it sings beautifully (119). Also Atticus told Jem that it’s a sin to shoot a mockingbird, and so the title â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† means to kill innocence (119). There are several characters in theRead MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in 1903. This novel is basically a coming of age story for a young girl named Scout and her older brother named Jem. Who grows up in a time where racism is normal. They soon learn to stand up for what is right, just like their dad, Atticus. The Coexistence of Good and Evil The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the Coexistence of good and evil. The novel approaches this theme in many ways throughoutRead MoreAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreMaturation Theme In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1609 Words   |  7 PagesMaturation Theme To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"Maturity is not measured by age. It’s an attitude built by experience.† This quotation says of how you don’t mature by aging and growing older but maturing by understanding situations and events you are found in and how you deal with those challenges or problems. The definition of maturity is to â€Å"have attained a final or desired state.† This means that although some don’t mature ever in life it is of something every human being must do to properly work inRead MoreThemes in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesTo kill a mockingbird written by Harper Lee. Themes are the subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a persons thoughts. There are many themes present in this great American classic such as courage, racism, prejudice, morality and of course coming of age. Lee communicates these themes with characters, events that unfold and the scenarios that Jem and Scout have to face. One of many themes that is evidently present throughout the book is prejudice. The main action is of Atticus defending the innocentRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1013 Words   |  5 Pages1. Jean Louise Finch is a young tomboy who lives with her father and brother in Maycomb County, Alabama. 2. To Kill a Mockingbird sets in Maycomb County, Alabama, and takes place during the Great Depression Era. 3. After Bob Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter, Mayella, Atticus is chosen to represent and defend Tom at his trial. 4. The theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is that we should not judge people by their appearance, nor pick on people who don’t cause any harm, because it wouldRead MoreThemes Found in Harper Lee ´s To Kill a Mockingbird843 Words   |  3 Pages 20160752 To Kill A Mockingbird James P. Krehbiel once said â€Å"Inevitably, if we are to grow and change as adults, we must gradually learn to confront the challenges, paradoxes, problems and painful reality of an insecure world.† In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper lee sends many messages to the reader. Set in a fictitious town in Alabama in the 1930’s, one obvious theme is racism. However, while racism was the most obvious theme, it wasn’t the only one; other themes included innocenceRead MoreDiscrimination Is A Dominant Theme Within The Film Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1342 Words   |  6 Pagesoccur to anyone, but is prevalent in groups such as race, social class, and gender; throughout American history, the discrimination of these groups was commonplace and a widely accepted behaviour. The reality of these are told through Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird which depicts the childhood of a girl in 1930’s America who experiences first hand disc rimination and observes prejudice towards others in her community. Within the town, residents generate morbid stories about a local simply becauseRead MoreHow Does Harper Lee Present the Theme of Courage in to Kill a Mockingbird1048 Words   |  5 PagesHow Does Harper Lee Present The Theme Of Courage In To Kill A Mockingbird Harper lee presents the theme of courage through several of the characters within TKAM, such as Scout, Atticus, Calpurnia, and Mrs Dubose. Within the book courage is shown in different ways such as Scout’s innocence and naivety or Atticus’ reluctance to carry out an action but still having to carry it out. One character to show courage is Atticus who shows courage twice as he shoots Tim Johnson and stands up to the lynch

The Leadership Theory And Practice - 1170 Words

Leadership Theory and Practice Review of Subject Throughout the history of law enforcement, leaders have used many different styles to lead employees. From the early styles of Autocratic and Laissez-Faire to Participative (democratic), Transactional and Transformational leadership. Leadership within policing has evolved over the years in some organizations to a more participative style and yet there are still leaders who cling to an antiquated domineering style. Nothing is further from the truth than the events in the city of Ferguson, Missouri. Ferguson unrest (also referred to just as Ferguson) was a series of protests and civil disorder that began the day after the fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer on August†¦show more content†¦Leadership is said to deal with change, motivation, inspiration, and influence. Management deals more with maintaining equilibrium and the status quo. An important current development is to regard leadership as a long-term relationship, or partnership, bet ween leaders and group members. A. Individual Level of Analysis At the individual level of analysis, leadership involves the study of learning, perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover, task performance, cooperative behavior, ethics, and cognition. No leadership style is right, wrong, or best for all situations. The most effective approach for a particular organization being dependent on: the skill levels, education and experience of the members of the organization; the type of work involved (Kreitner Kinicki, 2013). An important characteristic of leadership is using human talents to grow performance, trust and integrity in employees and the organization (Daft, 2005). One’s personality plays a major role in the way they lead. Personality is a combination of traits (distinguishing personal characteristics) that classifies an individual’s behavior. Personality affects conduct as well as insight and attitudes. Knowing personalities helps explain and forecast others’ behavior and job performance (Lussier Achua, 2004). The Big Five Model of Personality assesses whether a person is stronger in surgency, agreeableness, adjustment,

The Financial CrisisManagement

Question: The European sovereign debt crisis was a major focus for international financial markets during 2010-2014. Economies fell into recession and financial market volatility was high. Critically analyse how the government debt problems initially faced by a few relatively small economies could trigger such a wide impact in financial markets. The essay must be completed in groups of 2 or 3 students. Your essay must be strongly focused on the impact on financial markets, not on other aspects of the European sovereign debt crisis. You could consider the impact of the crisis on any one or two of the following: equity markets, bond markets, money markets, derivatives markets and foreign exchange. Contagion is an important theme. The essay must include some theoretical content as well as practical considerations. Answer: Here in this topic which summarizes the financial crisis and tell us how the financial crisis became economic crisis and also tells us about the sovereign crisis. Europe presently encounters an extreme monetary emergency. The crisis first started in the US. Us banks have granted loans with the variable interest rates to the poor households. The loans were then favoured through securitization which means banks did not need to keep their loans in the balance sheet as they were sold to others. After that authority in charge of the monetary policy decided to increase interest rates in the year 2005 2006 to reduce inflation. So it made difficult for the household to repay loans. Hence banks started facing problems. Banks were having huge losses as were not paid by the households. As we all know that if you owe your banker a thousand pounds you are at his mercy but if you owe your banker a million pounds, he is at your mercy.(Lane, 2012) So the many US bankers were at the mercy of their borrowers. Then there was also another problem where short term financing was a major issue as loan losses and securitization has raised doubt regarding repayment of the loans hence this facility was also not availed by them. There was high uncertainity as there were high losses. As there were no official registration for tracing the over the counter transactions hence banks were scared to lend money to others and this led to the fall in the liquidiy as there were no source from where the short term financing can be obtained. As we all know that many banks are dependent on the other banks for their short term financing so there was problem being faced by the banks and hence they ended uo by closing their banks due to this failure. As per the survey, there were total 465 banks which were closed in the year between 2008 and 2012 in the US. But in the European countries banks were nationalized and they received state support which preven ted failure. After the financial crisis there emerged the economic crisis and this was mainly due to the reduction in the credit supply by banks. (Krugman, 2015) As there were huge losses and there was difficulty in obtaining the short term refinancing so the banks were not willing to grant loans as a result of which both the investment and consumption got diminished. There was also rise in the pessimism. This was like the bad news which was spreaded in the mass media and it contributed in the weakness in the aggregate demand in the economy by reducing incentives for the households to consume and this was due to the fear of the greater unemployment. The firms were also scared to invest because of the threat of the lower demand of the production. This was due to the greater pessimism which led to the fall in the consumer confidence. The crisis was so strong that it resulted in the reduction in the investment and consumption in the European Countries and this led to the lower production and hence generated huge unemployment. Europe then faced the worst economic recession since the 30s. Then the economic recession gets converted into current sovereign debt crisis as because if it was the unusual level then it would have been lasted for 1 to 2 years but this does not happen and it lasted for many more years which gave rise to sovereign debt crisis. The economic crisis which came in the year 2009 has provided to the European countries the incentives to increase their public debt to limit the detrimental effects of the crisis. There was also reduction in the tax and hence there was increase in the public expenses. This was done to support aggregate demand in line. Then there was also European countries which increased their public debt to supply money to large banks from failure . As European countries has high level of debt before the financial crisis so this was the big trouble. (Lachman, 2012) There was a rise of public debt which dramatically hampered the budgetary situation of the European Countries. There was a major problem where additional debt resulting from the financial crisis which led to the major difficulties for countries to finance their debt. The key issue is that a country is dependent on the financial markets to obtain new financing which are needed to finance new public debt and to repay old public debt through new borrowings. It is understood that if investors on finance markets become reluctant to lend money to a country which cannot otherwise finance its debt, then this country faces a sovereign default. All this led to the future predictions which is always a difficult task for economists. (Featherstone, 2011) The European debt crisis is a multiyear debt crisis that has occurred in the several eurozone member states since the year 2009. Due to this crisis many states were unable to repay their government debt and refinance. This crisis erupted in the year 2009 when there was great recession. There was huge government structural deficits and debt levels were accelerating. The states were adversely affected and faced a strong rise of interest rates for government bonds. The main causes of debt crisis were that there were high structural debt, ageing population in many European countries. The recession caused sharped rise in the budget deficit. There was credit crunch which caused losses for the commercial banks. Investors become more and more cautious and fearful in all types of debt. The southern European economies were uncompetitive as there were higher labour costs and they were unable to restore competitiveness which caused lower growth and lower tax revenues in these countries. There were no lender of last resort like in US and UK made the market nervous of holding Eurozone debt. There were no effective bailout for a country like Italy. Due to this crisis, it raised the fear of default in bonds yield which made the market more expensive due to which payment of interest on debt became expensive. This was the dramatic event which took place in the European Union. The crisis had significant adverse economic effect and labour market effects for the worst hit countries, with unemployment rates in Greece and Spain.The impact of such crisis led many Eurozone countries bearing excessive public debt. This crisis spreaded from Greece and then to the neighbouring countries as there was connection between Eurozone banking sector and the public sector debt. (Lane P. , 201 2) The crisis arised mainly because there are five countries like Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain which failed to generate enough economic growth to pay their bondholders the guarantee they have given. These five countries were seen as the countries in immediate danger. The crisis has far reaching consequences which got spreaded in the whole world. This was the most serious crisis since 1930s. The global economy witnessed slow growth since the US financial crisis of 2008-2009.It exposed the unsustainable fiscal policies of the countries in Europe and around the globe. Greece failed to take the fiscal reform and was the first to feel the pinch of weaker growth. This made the budget unsustainable and hence tax revenues got reduced. It was so felt by the new prime minister to announce that previous government failed to reveal the size of the nations deficit. (Driscoll, 1998) Later it came to the fact that Greeces debt were so large that it exceeded the nations entire economy and the problem was so high that it was no longer hidden. This has effected the financial market as there was possibility of a contagion which made the European debt crisis affected the financial market. It made the people to behave in such a way that investors started selling out anything risky and buy the government bonds of the largest and of the most financially sound countries. European bank stocks and European markets as a whole performed much worse than their global counterparts during the times when crisis was on the center stage. The bonds market also performed very poor as rising yields means that prices are falling. The government are so indebted and can no longer afford to pay of the debts. This was not the problem of Europe only. Cost of borrowing is so high because of the uncertainity to pay of the loans. The other problem is of banking system. Banks in the European cou ntries like france and germany owns lots of bonds from struggling European countries such as Spain and Ireland. Many banks have bad loans in their books of accounts as the result of the collapsing real state markets. (Estrella, 1998) The European market is not at all booming infact it is in recession and the recession spreaded in the whole economy which resulted in the closure of the many companies and resulted in lot of unemployment. The office of the statistics of the European union has said that in the year 2012 in September the gross domestic product has contracted by 0.2% then in the first quarter. Europe recession is no coincidence. Lot of problems arised in the financial market and which led to the European sovereign debt crisis considered to be a long term debt crisis. Each and every bond market were analysed but there was negative impact on the national stock indices of Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Slovenia. There was a partial default of Greece which does not created negative spillover effects on bond and stock markets of the whole eurozone or the group of the southern economies but there was a positive spillover effects on the northern European countries. Popular exchange traded funds that track equiti es in these countries include the ishares, EWI, EIRL etc are the shares in which investment was made. Due to the recession there was huge unemployment in the year 2007 which was 5-10% and in the year 2013 it has been raised to 25-30%. The GDP was reduced from 2% to -4%. When there was downturn in the economy the job of the government bond analyst got tough as there was eurozone crisis. They need to explain concerns over public finances, deterioration of the fundamentals, financial sector credit risk and European institutional coordination failures. The financial market was such affected that in spain public debt amounted to less than 60% of GDP even by the end of 2009. The Italian fiscal surplus implied that if interest rates had stayed low, only the modest fiscal adjustment would have been necessary to serve the debt. This crisis led to the development of unemployment and trade deficits. Weakness in the banking sector also appeared only gradually after the property bubbles bursted. There was lot of deficit in Italy in the GDP that is 4.6% and 4.3% in Germany and little less in UK an d France. There showed multiplex two layered networks which was more fragile and were especially critical in financial networks. The effect was such on the foreign exchange market that euro depreciated against US Dollar. External value of Euro changes. Rising default of risk of medium and large eurozone banks lead to depreciation of the eurozone. Sovereign Bond market is considered to be risk free and government rarely fail to default on coupan payments but here government are expected to raise taxes and create money supply. There was also effect on the gold market also as the crisis began, gold spot prices have been continuously increasing. Gold prices followed the upward trend since 2008 till date. Gold prices almost increased by 300%. There was also decrease in the market confidence on euro. The bonds are basically represent country economic health to a large degree as because bonds are specifically government debts. Sovereign defaults is basically an event where a country is unable to repay its debts incurred from banks and investors. This led to the country to enter into financial distress which led to restructuring of debt. European crisis has caused severe turbulence not only in the peripheral countries but also the core ones. References Driscoll, J. (1998). Review of Ecnomics and statistics. MIT Press , 1-1. Estrella, A. (1998). Review of Economics and statistics. MIT press , 1-1. Featherstone, K. (2011). A european debt agency. Journal of common market studies , 1-1. Krugman, P. (2015). European debt crisis. New york times , 1-1. Lachman, D. (2012). Lessons from Europe's Debt crisis for the United States. Cato Journal , 233-243. Lane, P. R. (2012). The European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Journal of Economic perspectives , Pages 49-68. Lane, P. (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis. The Journal of economic perspectives , 1-1.

Modernism Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay Example

Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Modernist movement questioned the social, ideological and hierarchical paradigms of society. This movement is centred, as described by Marshall Berman, around the primary condition of constant change. Such as the aftermath of the war, new technologies, the rise of unions, feminism and the self-made man. This theory of the condition of Modernism is explored through Virginia Woolfs novel, Mrs Dalloway, and Rhapsody on a Windy Night by T. S Eliot. Within these texts, the reader is positioned to question the consequences of the rigid class system when faced with an evolving world, where social pleasantries come at the expense of emotional wellbeing and, the individual’s awareness of constant change in terms of the passing of time and the implications of understanding one’s own mortality. Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway considers the determents of strict social systems within society. A. D. Moody describes in, Virginia Woolf, the impulse of the upper class to turn away from the disturbing depths of feeling, and towards a conventional pleasantness. Woolf satirically idealises Lady Bexborough who â€Å"opened a bazaar, they said, with the telegram in her hand, John, her favourite, killed. This repression of emotion, is inbuilt into upper class culture, is questioned as it faces a changing world which presents new situations which rely on emotional connection. Septimus, as a result of his upbringing, values his re action to Evens death, congratulat[ing] himself upon feeling very little and very reasonably. The reader is then positioned, through a repetition of desperation, to sympathise and recognise the detriments to Septimus mental health as a result of this emotional disconnection. Sir William Bradshaw embodies this hierarchical expectation, specifically within the medical arena, of a distance from emotional attachment. His treatment of Septimus is no different from the treatment of any other patient, Proportion, divine proportion, Sir Williams goddess. Woolfs lexical choice in divine and goddess, focuses on the holy connotations. We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The divine process comes at the expense of Septimus and Rezias emotional welfare and relationship. The social norms of hierarchical systemsare unable to deal with the changing context of the war, and prevent human connection. Deterioration of relationships is explored further through Clarissa and Richards interactions. Richard, despite being very much in love, is unable to communicate his attachment to Clarissa, Partly ones lazy; partly ones shy. As Richard contemplates the state of his society, he comments that the fault wasnt in them ut in our detestable social system. His social commentary on prostitutes mirrors the reader’s reaction to Richard. We are positioned to neither dislike nor blame him for his inability to express his love, but to blame the social system in which he has been indoctrinated. The culture of hierarchical systems which prevents human connectedness leaves individuals isolated and questioning traditional normalities. This Modernist questioning is funda mentally brought about by the fragmentation and disillusionment of society, which cannot unite when facing a world of constant change. In the same way that class hierarchies are a repressive force in Mrs Dalloway, T. S. Eliot explores urbanisation as the cause of the repression of natural instinct and. As the changing world presents a faster paced urban lifestyle, one struggles to maintain stability. Rhapsody on a Windy Night describes the cat which feeds on rancid butter and the lonely moon with smallpox cracks. Natural imagery is distorted into a negative light though the diseased connotations of rancid and smallpox. The romanticised idea of a moonlit stroll is at juxtaposition with the dominant images of skeletons and sunless geraniums. Urban sprawl, like the clasp of the social system, cannot cope with the rate of change In response to encountering nocturnal smells, the speaker says cross and cross, as the scents bring back different recollections. However this term also implies a religious sacrifice or burden, as the reach of urbanisation comes at the cost of the speaker’s contentment. This destabilisa tion of the speaker’s psyche is a Modernist concern which stems from societies inability to deal with â€Å"constant change. † Modernism is explored through Woolfs writing, as a condition brought about by the awareness of changing time and mortality. Virginia Woolf, as a member of the Bloomsbury Group had access to a variety of philosophers works, including that of Sigmund Freud. His concept of Thanatos considers all organic life to contain an urge to restore an earlier state of things. Otherwise known as a death instinct, it drives people towards death in order to return to a sense of peace. The influence of this theory is ingrained into Mrs Dalloway. The passage of time towards death is mapped incessantly by Big Ben. The sound that flood[s] her room consumes everything; life is at the mercy of time. Big Ben is as if a young man, strong, indifferent, inconsiderate, swinging dumb-bells this way and that. The personification of the clock tower intentionally interrupting society, symbolises time itself which reigns impenetrably over everything. However, Woolf contrasts the strict measurement of exterior time , with the unrestrained nature of interior time. The characters have the ability to experience life within themselves, at a rate outside the controls of the clock. Clarissa embodies this characteristic by taking a mundane object, such as a roll of tweed, and relating it to her father[who] bought his suits [there] for fifty years. This use of non-linear structure and stream of consciousness conveys how each individual responds to an awareness of the dwindling of life. As Clarissa fear[s] time itself, she strives to comprehend her reality and the inescapable cessation of life, which is the presence of her Thanatos. † Later within the novel, Clarissas reaction to Septimuss suicide is positive. She feels glad at his decision, for â€Å"‘twere now to be most happy. Despite the initial jarring nature of her response, the audience is encouraged to understand death embrace[s] an individual whose happiness would be compromised continuing life. In this way we see how the incessant continuity of time presses upon an individuals awareness, so that they have a contemplation of mortality and modernist ideals. Time, as an inescapable presence, is similarly explored in Rhapsody on a Windy Night. As oppose to Big Ben measuring the passing of time, every streetlamp that [the speaker] pass[es] beats like a fatalistic drum. Again, personification is used to amplify the imposition of times continuity upon the individual. This imposition is made stronger through the idea that the streetlamps, which symbolise time, are the ones commanding the speakers actions. First to regard that woman, and regard the moon, until finally sleep, prepare for life. After which the speaker hails the last twist of the knife. The insinuation being that only in unconsciousness are we fully alive, relating back the Freudian concept of Thanatos, ones inbuilt instinctual drive towards death. In this way we can see how Rhapsody on a Windy Night, similarly to Mrs Dalloway, explores how the constant changing and passing of time, makes an individual aware of their own mortality within a Modernist construct. In conclusion, the Modernist period which is explored within Mrs Dalloway, by Woolf and Rhapsody on a Windy Night, by T. S. Eliot, deals with the primary condition of constant change. It explores change in terms of culture and society, and how those changes are not dealt with by the class system and urbanisation of society. And finally it deals with change in terms of the continuity of time and the presence of mortality.

My values Essays - American Women In Business, Jordin Sparks

My values Essays - American Women In Business, Jordin Sparks 1247555 The Poetics of Popular Music November 7, 2014 My values Your values are the things that you truly believe in and that are very important to your eyes. They are supposed to affect the way you live and work by positively. They also determine your priorities, and deep down, theyre probably a type of measure you use to tell if youre living the kind of life you desire. If there was a song that would define my values, it would be the song Battlefield by Jordin Sparks. In my case, love is the value that defines me the most; it is portrayed by the way I demonstrate it towards my family, friends and my partner. Im surrounded by people who care and are very loving, but there comes times when we get into big fights. The speaker tell us that One minute it's love /and suddenly, It's like a battle-field (3-4). These lyrics are an example of when your loved ones show loving emotions towards you, but then all of sudden, it can blow up into a huge fight and you can be left feeling like youre fighting on a battlefield of love. I show love towards my belove d by being protective about certain thing like when someone is giving them hard time or when there are in need of help. Another lyric that illustrates well this situation is: I guess you better go and get your armor (36) because I hate seeing when people are miss treated by other people. It really affects me and gets on my nerves. It makes me want to help them, be there for them, in other words, to do something about it. That is why I am close bonded with the people that surround me. They know Ive got their back, and will defend them to the end. I realize that the writer used a technique in the song and it is the repetition of the word battlefield. In the song, the speaker is telling us that love is always a battlefield, because when something happens it gets your heart intertwined. Word count: 338 words Lyrics Don't try to explain your mind I know what's happening here One minute it's love and suddenly It's like a battle-field One word turns into a Why is it the smallest things that tear us down My world's nothing when you're gone I'm out here without a shield Can't go back now Both hands tied behind my back for nothing Oh no These times when we climb so fast to fall again Why we gotta fall for it now I never meant to start a war You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] Why does love always feel like Can't swallow our pride, Neither of us wanna raise that flag If we can't surrender then we both gonna lose what we had, oh no Both hands tied behind my back with nothing (nothing) Oh no, these times when we climb so fast to fall again I don't wanna fall for it now I never meant to start a war You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your We could pretend that we are friends tonight And in the morning we'll wake up and we'll be alright Cause baby we don't have to fight And I don't want this love to feel like A battlefield (oh), a battlefield (oh), a battlefield, Why does love always feel like a battlefield (oh), A battlefield (oh), a battlefield I guess you better go and get your armor I never meant to start a war (start a war) You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for (fighting, fighting for) Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) [slowly fade] Why does love always feel like (whooaa ooow) Why does love always feel like (whooaa ooow) A battlefield, a battlefield.. [(whooaa

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Radiography Dissertation: Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Selecting a topic for a Radiography dissertation is one of the most difficult steps in the academic career. The topic should cover 2 tasks: on the one hand, it should be interesting to you, on the other hand it should be significant for the general research of the field. This article contains a few pieces of advice on how to come up with good ideas, choose the best topic and start writing the Radiology dissertation. Radiology Dissertation Topics In the past, radiology mainly involved X-Rays, but today, there are many forms of radiology. The following are the directions in which you can find a really interesting and unusual dissertation. As you can see, these topics discuss new technology, their relevance, and their pros and cons. History of Radiology Definition of Radiology Forms of Radiology Radiography Angiography Tomography by Using Modern Technology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Treatment Pros of Radiology Introduction to Radiology Choose your own direction, dig into it, and you are sure to come up with an engaging topic. Key Points on the Introduction for a Radiology Dissertation An introduction provides for a clear foundation for your topics, thesis and later, your research project. A draft of the introduction for a Radiology dissertation should be written early enough. This should be done when you hand over your research proposal. A proposal aims to tell the readers your extensive outline of ideas, why you seek to look into this subject and what you expect to find and establish. An introduction should be updated as many times as possible as your ideas evolve throughout paper writing. An updated preface will ensure that the dissertation remains on the right track. An excellent preface contains a statement of the research question and what you aim to find in your research. It should introduce and partly review the literature that is listed in your dissertation topic. This helps in highlighting what is known and explaining its framework. If your research is an argument, then the start is the best place for a researcher to give his or her own opinion. The introduction is supposed to show how your dissertation will enhance the theory behind your topic. The Proposal The introduction of your thesis will mostly come from your research proposal. The introduction should set the framework for the work to do later and highlight your point of views and research that was done before yours. It is supposed to emphasize why you decided to look into the area, what is expected to be found in the literature and what you hope to find out. Since you have now completed all the work at this stage, your introduction should be crystal clear by showing what you chose to investigate and your scope of practice. Some of the ideas that will help you in creating a strong dissertation introduction should include the following. Firstly, you should have a series of capturing sentences that grabs readers’ attention; Secondly, do not try to highlight broadly your whole dissertation in your introduction. Only outline the specific aspects of your thesis and points of view; Third, only promise what you are sure you have delivered; And lastly, keep your language simple and straightforward. It is essential to do this in your introduction and throughout the research.

Contemporary issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary issues in management - Essay Example Thus developments in telecommunications and transportation infrastructure comprising the emergence of the telegraph together with its posterity and recently the rise of the internet are key aspects of globalization, producing more interdependence of cultural and economic activities (Ritzer, 2011). According to scholars, globalisation can be traced long before the European advent in voyages and discovery of New World. There are even those that trace its origins to the 3rd millennium BCE Nevertheless, the cultures and economies of the world grew very fast as the 19th century came to an end and 20th century began. The phrase globalisation has been used increasingly since 1980s and particularly in the mid-1990s.Thus the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2000 identified 4 primary features of globalisation; transactions, trade, investment and capital movements, movement and migration of people as well as the distribution of knowledge. Moreover, environmental challenges like cross-boundary air pollution and water, over-fishing and climate change are all associated with globalisation. Various globalisation processes are affected and do affect business as well as work organization, socio-cultural resources, economics together with natural environment. Globalisation has also stimulated innovation. Thus American companies can for instance transfer technology to countries such as China. Thus, Apple’s iPad and iPhones were all prototyped and designed in California but their production is done in China. Thus China’s manufacturing competition is progressively more taking low-skill production while at the same time nurturing highly skilled innovations and inventions (Jones, 2010). In addition, around 15% of technological transformation in Europe previously can be directly accredited to Chinese imports competition, a yearly benefit of nearly 10 billion Euros to European economies. Thus, companies have reacted to China’s imports threat by adopting

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper ( Evolution of Management) Essay

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper ( Evolution of Management) - Essay Example The legislative acts such as Labor Management Relations Act and National Labor Relations Act were introduced because of employees increasing dissatisfaction. Along with the mentioned acts, many other were also introduced to resolve the issue of employees’ requirements and their fulfillment. According to Huston and Marquis (2008), many theories related to the working situations and other employees’ needs were proposed by theorists but these theories were not successful in giving the required outcome. Labor Management Relations Act Labor Management Relations Act, also called the Taft-Hartley Act was introduced in 1930s. The ambition behind introducing this act was to restrict employers to take unjustified actions against employees. Because of revolts by employees from different working industries, the influence of labor unions got improved. US federal government also started taking interest in the issues. The act also shows concern towards a consistent relationship betwee n management and labor union. The persecution of employees who are not part of the union, unacceptable membership charges, rejection of any deal with the management without considering its justness and unnecessarily suppressing of employers are some of the highlighted unjustified labor union actions in the act. Hughes, Kapoor and Pride (2009) inform that according to the act, the employers and management are authorized to inform the workers about merits and demerits of being a union member by giving the right knowledge to the workers. The strikes, which are precarious in terms of health and security of the nation, can be called off by the President of America according to the act. In addition, the workers are free to be a member of the union or reject it with their will. National Labor Relations Act National Labor Relations Act, also called the Wagner Act was introduced in 1935. This act gained existence in the period of Great Depression. Due to Great Depression, the employers have to minimize their functionalities, due to which, employees faced career uncertainty. Unions got active in order to support employees to get their rights. According to Jackson and Mathis (2007), collective bargaining was promoted by the US government under the Wagner act. The employees were not required to be a part of labor union to get their rights as they had the right to just management because of the act. According to Bohlander and Snell (2009), the Wagner Act highlighted certain unjust labor actions such as persecution of employees in terms of using their rights, keeping bias against the workers and rejection of the notion of collective bargain for opting for the workers’ spokespersons. Theorists Mary Parker Follett informed in her theory that management should be authoritative with employees or not over them. Employees and employers should form a relationship in which, they share authority and make decisions likewise. In this manner, processing and business functions wi ll be eased out. She introduced the term participative management in her essay, â€Å"The Giving of Orders†. Huston and Marquis (2008), inform about the theorist, Elton Mayo and his Harvard acquaintances who introduced Hawthorne effect. According to Huston and Marqui

Social networking paper Essay Example for Free

Social networking paper Essay Today, 1.5 billion people belong to an online social network, which is one out of every nine people in the world. If you are a part of this phenomenon, just how much does it affect your daily life? People join these sites for a wide variety of reasons. With just a few clicks you can speak to friends and family that may be millions of miles away; or check up on your favorite musicians latest updates. No matter what the reason, there is no denying that social networks have become a major part of society, in the work place, at home, and around the world. Many social networking sites are made for a specific group of people, such as Facebook for college students, or MySpace for music and party people. However, they all have a common structure. Once you sign up for a particular site, you will be asked a number of questions such as your name, age, location, interests, marital status, and possibly a small section to write an â€Å"about me.† Many sites also encourage uploading a profile picture, and some allow you to add a â€Å"skin† or some type of multimedia to your profile. Creating a profile on a social network allows you to define yourself however you wish to be seen. You are able to share your views, and express your interests. Many people feel a sense of independence and self esteem from using these sites. Some people may even create a â€Å"second† life and get lost in an online world, completely losing track of reality. People become addicted to social networking, losing sleep over these sites, ignoring their work duties, or even their loved ones to update a status or check the latest â€Å"trending topics.† According to affilatenetworking.com, as of April 5th 2012, the top five social networking sites are: Facebook, with an estimated 800 million users; Twitter, with an estimated 175 million users; Linkedin, with over 115 million users; Google Plus, with an estimated 90 million users; and Pintrest, which is a brand new social networking site, but is already in the top 30 most visited websites in the USA. With these sites having so ma ny active users, it makes sense that they are prime places to advertise. These sites are users of â€Å"targeted marketing†, meaning that they use information provided by you, to decide which advertisements to show. Facebook for example, uses things you â€Å"like†Ã‚  to determine what ads to show in the sidebar. So if you liked a Facebook page for Thai food, the ad shown on your homepage may be a Thai restaurant that is close to your provided location. Along with your likes, Facebook uses your location, sexuality, and relationship status as means to advertise. ​Companies are not the only ones using the growing popularity of social networks to their advantage; celebrities and artists do as well. They do not normally place ads on the page, but rather make their own Facebook or Twitter for publicity and to share their work. Lady Gaga, for example, has 45,633,442 Facebook fans and 16,862,231 Twitter followers. She is one of the more popular celebrities in social media, but definitely not the only one. Among the rather interesting list of users are: Barack Obama, Kanye West, Megan Fox, and even Oprah Winfrey. By using these sites, public figures such as the aforementioned can communicate with their fans, and share photos and videos with them. They can also promote their latest campaign, music, or movie release. If a celebrity wants to promote a social cause, social media is also a helpful tool to gain supporters. ​Even though social media has many great characteristics and outcomes, there are also some drawbacks and concerns. For example, privacy issues. Facebook and MySpace make it very easy to retrieve personal information and harm someone. Phishing and scams occur often, by scammers who try to steal your personal information for fraud or identity theft. There are also websites that are made to look exactly like your favorite social networking site to steal your password. Once they have the password, they are able use it to send out spam, and even viruses, from your account, or destroy your profile. ​The most venerable victims of social media dangers are children. Predators can pose as children with the same likes and interests as the child, and trick that child into telling them almost anything, including where they live. The safety of a child is at risk when they are on any social networking site. Predators are the biggest danger for children, but there are also scams that affect them. There are hackers or scammers that target children to use their identity to open a credit card, since the credit of a child is always in good condition. ​The problems with social media do not end with people that we don’t know. They also cause problems with the people that are close to us. According to a survey by the American Academy of Matrimonial lawyers, one in five divorces in the United States involve Facebook, and 80 percent of divorce  lawyers have reported a spike in the number of cases that use social media for evidence of cheating (Gardner, David). The websites offer an outside source of communication that never existed in the past, allowing people to reconnect with past lovers or meet new ones. They also provide a distraction that takes away from the time that intimate couples are supposed t o share. ​Many employers also use social networks in their hiring process. If a person seeking a job has certain information, comments, or pictures on their page, it can comprise the decision of the employer. The Washington Post released an article stating that there are now background checking services that exclusively run social media background checks for companies all over the country (Duran). A reference to drugs or even inappropriate jokes in a status can completely change a company’s decision. ​There are also cases that take social media past the hiring process, and use it as a cause to fire someone that is already working for them. In Pennsylvania, a teacher posted a picture of herself dressed as a pirate, holding a plastic cup, with the caption under the picture reading â€Å"drunken pirate.† She was then fired for promoting underage drinking. Whether or not these charges were fair, the facts cannot be changed; social media is public. It’s something that anyone can see, including employers, children, students, and parent s (Duran). ​However, social media does not have to be feared or avoided. The more aware users are to the potential dangers, the better. As long as they are used correctly, social networking sites are a great way to interact. Avoiding them would just keep you from communicating and interacting in our society. They provide many useful tools, and an enjoyable way to keep in touch. ​ A social networking site is an online community in which people can connect to other with similar interests. Since their start in 1995 with Classmates.com, social networking sites have grown immensely to include huge websites such as Facebook, YouTube, hi5, and orkut.com (scribd.com). Through these sites, people can communicate, meet new friends, and share information and common values. Businesses can communicate with employees, advertise new products, speak to consumers about current products, and even get ideas for new or improved products. Social networks have changed the way we live today. They provide a means of being socially involved that never existed, and there is no telling how far they will take us, how long they will be around, or how much more they will grow. As a young adult, I can say that social media  affects my life on a daily basis, as it does millions of others’. We are living in an era of the Internet, and there is no turning back now.

Comparing Paintings by Pablo Picasso and Alberto Morrocco Essay

Comparing Paintings by Pablo Picasso and Alberto Morrocco I have decided to contrast and compare paintings by cubist artist Pablo Picasso and contemporary artist Alberto Morrocco. I have studied their paintings to find out their influences and any similarities between their work. I have tried to find a source of their motivation and reason for their interpretations. Firstly, I am going to write about cubist artist, Pablo Picasso. Inspired by artist Paul Cezanne, the father of analytical cubism, Picasso attempted many styles of work. He experimented with different media and use of colour, throughout his artistic career. His paintings reflected his moods and attitudes, which changed several times during the course of his life. As a result of this, groups of his painting can be separated into 'periods'. A very famous period Picasso developed was his 'Blue Period', where the paintings of this time were blue in colour and portrayed him to be unhappy. An example of this is ' The Tragedy' painted in 1903. The painting is of a family standing on a beach, frozen like statues. In my perception, it takes on the image of a snapshot, eternally showing these still lonely figures. The painting looks cold due to Picasso's use of blue, submitting further the idea of unintimacy and absence of love within this solemn family. I understand why Picasso adopted such a melancholy atmosphere; it was a result of his friend committing suicide in 1901. His use of thick brush strokes and realistic perception of a family drowned by the presence of poverty, portray an image of deep sorrow and sadness. A painting that resembles Picasso's 'The Tragedy' is the 'Siesta' by Alberto Morrocco painted in 1971. Picasso and artist Henri Matisse had great influence Alberto Morrocco. Inspiration also came from his principal teacher James Cowie, who encouraged Morrocco to make painting his career. The 'Siesta' shows a female child sleeping naked on a table. Sitting behind her is a woman, presumably her mother, who is awake and holing a sunflower. This also can be perceived as a photographic image. I feel as though the woman is staring directly at the camera, her eyes fixated upon me. This highlights one similarity between Morrocco's 'Siesta' and Picasso's 'The Tragedy' purely by choice of composition. Another similarity I have discovered is that both art... ...to be in this painting, the egg would have rolled off. Both these paintings are similar also in colour. The colours used are bright, strong and effective. I believe that the colour concepts bring each painting to life. Picasso used natural colours to represent the natural significance of the objects in this painting. This makes me feel comfortable and at peace. Morrocco chose olive green, reds and blues to capture the essence of his native Italy. This, in my opinion, gives the painting a special quality and is very pleasing to look at. Picasso's 'Bread Fruit Dish on a Table' is a fantastic example of how he experimented with shape and tried to teach himself and learn through experience the techniques of analytical cubism. He later used this new knowledge to develop cubism further and create a new, unique style which he called synthetic cubism. Alberto Morrocco sought inspiration from Picasso's cubist phase and tried out the style himself. ' Homage a Braque' is a very interesting painting which clearly shows similarities between his paintings and those by Pablo Picasso. However, Morrocco gave an incentive of himself into his painting making it his own masterpiece.

Jews Without Money Essay

1. Make connections from the book to show how the immigrants who came to America in the late 1800’s tried to keep some of their â€Å"homeland† traditions alive in their new environment. Describe, at least 3 different examples of this. One way how the immigrants who came to America tried to keep their â€Å"homeland† traditions is when Jim and Antonia wanted to go see the new Russian’s who had lived in their town. When they visited Peter (One of the Russian’s), he wanted to keep the guests entertained, so he pulled out a harmonica and started playing it for them. Jim said that † Peter looked about perplexity for something that would entertain us. He ran into the storeroom and brought out a gaudily painted harmonica†(pg 29) this means that back in Russia they used harmonicas as a use of entertainment which is a homeland tradition. Another â€Å"homeland tradition† is when â€Å"Mr. Shimerda rose, crossed himself, and quietly knelt down before the tree†(pg 61) this means that the Bohemian family is very religious and the Burdens family doesn’t do that behavior. Another example of a homeland tradition is when Mr. Shimerda used to play his trombone in Russia with his friend and watch the flowers bloom which Antonia says â€Å"he used to sit there with his friend and play trombone†(pg 159) he couldn’t play his trombone anymore because he had no other friends over in America and the tradition died out since he moved to America. 2. Why did Mr. Shimerda commit suicide and how did it impact his family. Give 2 specific examples. Mr. Shimerda committed suicide because he was feeling depressed and couldn’t handle the stress. His only friends that he made in America had died and went back to their country, which was Pavel and Peter. Peter told Mr. Shimerda that â€Å"he was unable to meet a note which fell due on the first of November†(pg 38) which means that they were in debt and couldn’t pay Wick Cutter and this lead to him leaving America. Also when â€Å"Pavel strained himself lifting timbers for a new barn, and fell over among the shavings  with such a gush of blood from the lungs†(pg 38) he died shortly after this incident and wished to speak with Mr. Shimerda before he died which impacted him a lot into killing himself from the loss of his friends. Another reason why Mr. Shimerda killed himself is because his family didn’t have a lot of food stored up for winter â€Å"the potatoes had been frozen and were rotting, in the other was a little pile of flour†(pg 52) The loss of Mr. Shimerda friends and the shortage of food eventually led him to committing suicide. 3. How does the â€Å"coming of age† experience differ for Jim and Antonia as they move from childhood to adulthood? Explain one of their â€Å"coming of age† experiences from the book. The â€Å"coming of age† is definitely different between Jim and Antonia because they have totally different lives. Antonia has it a lot harder and she even tells this to Jim when she says â€Å"If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us.†(pg 96) Antonia can not have a normal child life as Jim has since she is too busy working on her farm, he asks her if she wants to join the first term of the school year but she says â€Å"I ain’t got time to learn. I can work like mans now. My mother can’t say no more how Ambrosch do all and nobody to help him†(pg 85) this shows that Jim can get a proper education by going to school but Antonia can not because of all the work that had to be done on her farm. When Antonia is older she works for Mr. Cutter, he is a very sick man who tries to rape Antonia when his wife is not in town. He buys a Mrs. Cutter a ticket for the train sends her away and tries to engage Antonia while she is gone. He puts jewelery under Antonia bed which gives him a reason to go in her room to seduce her and tells her not invite her friends to stay with her at night. Life for Antonia is a lot harder for her than it is for Jim. 4. How does the environment of the great plains impact the development of Jim and Antonia? As Jim grows older into adulthood what does he remember of the Great Plains. Do these memories create anxiety or bring comfort to Jim? Explain The environment of the great plains impacts Jim and Antonia in different ways. Jim feels that the environment of the great plains would be boring when he says â€Å"here was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the  material out of which countries are made. No, there was nothing but land slightly undulating†(pg 9) The environment that the Great Plains impacts Antonia is negative because she tells Jim â€Å"If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us.†(pg 96) This means that Jim and Antonia have different ways of viewing the environment that they live in. When Jim grows older he becomes more focussed in his studies but he still remembers the Great Plains and those memories comfort Jim. Jim says that â€Å"For the first time it occurred to me that I should be homesick for that river after I left it.† (pg 158) This means that for the first time Jim actually misses his old life on the Great Plains. 5. Compare the different immigrant groups differing values and religious beliefs to the traditional values of frontier life. Give 2-3 specific examples from the book. When Mr. Shimerda was alive he â€Å"rose, crossed himself, and quietly knelt down before the tree†(pg 61) on Christmas. He values what he has on Christmas and he sees how the Burden’s act on Christmas so this makes him pray in front of the Christmas Tree while Jim watches him. Christmas must be very important religiously to Mr. Shimerda because the Burden’s did not kneel in front of the tree. Mr. Shimerda is Catholic while the Burdens are Protestant. When Mr. Shimerda died â€Å"It developed that Mrs. Shimerda and Ambrosch wanted the old man buried on the southwest corner of their own land.†(pg 78) This was a custom in Bohemia and to the neighbors around them it looked bad. These are the different beliefs that the Shimerda’s had to the traditional ways of frontier life. 6. What symbols does Cather use to represent the key ideas in her novel? (hint: the plow, sunsets, the landscape, sunflowers) The landscape is used to represent a key idea of the novel because it represents how Jim feels about life on the Great Plains. Jim feels at first â€Å"For more than anything else I felt motion in the landscape; in the fresh, easy blowing morning wind, and in he earth itself†(pg 15) This means that the landscape made Jim feel good and in a mellow mood. It did not put him in negative feeling but made him feel fresh and happy. Cather uses flowers to represent home sickness for Antonia when she tells Jim â€Å"It makes me  homesick, Jimmy, this flower, this smell,†(pg 159) When Antonia smells this flower it makes her think of her country, this same feeling happens to Jim when he moves from the Great Plains to the city he still misses the old life he had as a child.

Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi

Designation of phylum cryptomycota within kingdom fungi Introduction The cryptomycota are considered to be to be an early branching clade of organisms, the only known members are species that belong in the genus Rozella (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011, James and Berbee 2012). It has been suggested due largely to the amount of environmental sequences collected the phylum may be as diverse as the whole kingdom fungi (Jones et al 2011).While Rozella were originally placed in the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota(Jones and Pang 2012), a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the Chytridiomycota found Rozella was in fact part of a separate linage considered to be the most basal lineage within the fungal kingdom (James et al 2006). Analysis of environmental DNA samples based on the analysis of SSU RNA (small subunit ribosomal RNA genes)had revealed 26 sequences, previously unknown, which clustered closely to two species of Rozella included in the survey (Lara et al 2010).Lara et al tentatively n amed this clade ‘Rozedilla' (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011). However this clade was expanded to include 40 sequences found in marine and freshwater environments. This clade was renamed cryptomycota to reflect the position of the group relative to the fungi and its mostly hidden nature, as a large number of the phylum are only known from SSU RNA environmental surveys and their similarity in morphology and life-cycle to the Rozella is unknown (Jones et al 2011).Cryptomycota cells from freshwater samples, most notably from the Washington Singer pond (Exeter University, Devon, UK, 50. 7339uN, 3. 5375uW), were visualised with fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. These target cells were shown to be small eukaryotes 3 to 5 ? meters in length (Jones et al 2011). Counter-staining with TAT1 tubulin revealed The target cells capable of forming a microtubule based flagellum (see fig 1)(Jones et al 2011). Chitin was not found in any of the morphs observed, this was tested by co-staining with cell wall markers (calcofluor white and lectin wheat germ agglutinin).Cellulose was also not present (Jones et al 2011). FIG 1: Micrographs showing flagella on cryptomycota cells, as detected by TAT1 tubulin antibody(Jones et al 2011) This study led Jones et al to the conclusion that the Cryptomycota were an intermediate group between fungus and protists. Others such as James and Berbee contend that †they may have lost their â€Å"dinner jacket† through convergence. Rather than evolutionary intermediates, the cryptomycota may be strange, divergent fungi † (James and Berbee 2012).The term †dinner jackets† here refers to cell walls. Some such as Griffith, Voight and Kirk would not consider the phylum fungal, but a non fungal opisthkonta like the Microsporidia(2011). In this essay I intended to explore the evidence both for and against the inclusion of the phylum Cryptomycota in the kingdom fungi. To do this it is important to understand the characteristics and life-cycle of Cryptomycota and what makes an organism part of the kingdom fungi. Characteristics of CryptomycotaThe known Cryptomycota :Rozella is a genus of entirely parasitic species that infect the thalli and sporidia of Chytridiomycota , Blastocladiomycota and some species of Oomycota. Study of Rozella allomycis , the only cultured Rozella species has shown it does ,unlike Fungi, not process cell walls at any time during there trophic phases like Fungi however they exhibit a zoosporic uniflagilate stage in which they propagate(Jones and Pang 2012) . James and Berbee demonstrated that chitin is present in the inner cell wall of immature spores via calcofluor white staining(2012).Zoospores attach to receptors on the surface of its host ,penetrating its surface with a germ tube before developing a naked multinucleate sporangium (Jones and Pang 2012)It is theorised that the uptake of nutrients is via phagocytosis (Powell 1984), however this is not known to be true of all Rozella. Zoospores form inside the host before being explosive discharged from exit papillae(Jones and Pang 2012) . Jones et al's observation of Cryptomycota cells show a certain similarity to the life-cycle of Rozella.Three life stage cycles were observed (fig 2), a zoosporic uniflagelate morph ,a non-flagellate cyst morph and a parasitic morph where the organism is attached to a host diatom . Jones et al admit, however, that stages in the life-cycle are likely to have been missed in their study and due to the diversity of the Cryptomycota, the life-cycle is unlikely to represent the entirety of the group (2011). Chitin was not found in any of the stages observed (Jones et al 2011) FIG 2:Putative Cryptomycota skeleton life-cycle (Jones et al 2011)Are Cryptomycota fungi? The penguin dictionary of biology defines Fungi as a kingdom of eukaryotic primarilary acellular organisms typically organised into cylindrical hypha . Their nutrition is osmotrophic and never phagotrop hic . Hyphal walls are characterised by chitin and ? -glucans (2004). Cryptomycota differs greatly from this standard definition of a fungi by not processing a cell wall ,forming hyphae and is likely to be phagotrophic. There are other organisms that are included in the kingdom fungi that do not fit with these definitions .For example yeasts reproduce by budding and are not organised into hypha. Zoospores are a shared characteristic with zoosporic true fungi and in most phylogenies constructed Cryptomycota are basal to fungi. Information on the life cycle stages is incomplete , it is possible some examples of cryptomycota process a chitinous cell wall at some stage in their life-cycles (Jones et al 2011). As a lot is uncertain about the cryptomycota it is hard to include or exclude them from the kingdom fungi and it seems premature to dub them the most basal fungi .As James and Berbee suggest the loss of a chitinous cell wall may be a secondary adaptation to parasitism not indicatio n of a basal fungi (2012). Almost anything could be found and much needs to be before they can be defined as true fungi such as observation of cell division and determination whether members of cryptomycota are phagotrophic or not. What is certain that if this phylum is included in the kingdom fungi , the definition for the whole group must change.

Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essays

Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essays Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essay Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essay Sonatas and partitas for solo violin (Bach) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia First Sonata for Solo Violin: Adagio (Autograph 1720) The Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin (BWV 1001–1006) are a set of six works composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. They consist of three sonatas da chiesa, in four movements, and three partitas, in dance-form movements. The set was completed by 1720, but was only published in 1802 by Nicolaus Simrock in Bonn. Even after publication, it was largely ignored until the celebrated violinist Josef Joachim started performing these works. Today, Bachs Sonatas and Partitas are an essential part of the violin repertoire, and they are frequently performed and recorded. The Sei Solo – a violino senza Basso accompagnato, as Bach titled them, firmly established the technical capability of the violin as a solo instrument. The pieces often served as an archetype for solo violin pieces for the following generations of composers including Eugene Ysaye, Bela Bartok, and Paul Hindemith. * | [edit] History of composition Bach started composing these works around 1703, while at Weimar, and the set was completed by 1720, when Bach was a Kapellmeister in Kothen. 1] He was almost certainly inspired by Johann Paul von Westhoffs partitas for solo violin, since he worked alongside Westhoff at Weimar, and the older composers pieces share some stylistic similarities with Bachs. Solo violin repertoire was actively growing at the time: Heinrich Ignaz Bibers celebrated solo passacaglia appeared c. 1676, Westhoffs collections of solo vi olin music were published in 1682 and 1696, Johann Joseph Vilsmayrs Artificiosus Concentus pro Camera in 1715, and finally, Johann Georg Pisendels solo violin sonata was composed around 1716. The tradition of writing for solo violin did not die after Bach, either; Georg Philipp Telemann published 12 Fantasias for solo violin in 1735. The tradition of polyphonic violin writing was already well-developed in Germany, particularly by Biber, Johann Heinrich Schmelzer, and the composers of the so-called Dresden school Johann Jakob Walther and Westhoff. Bachs Weimar and Kothen periods were particularly suitable times for composition of secular music, for he worked as a court musician. Bachs cello and orchestral suites date from the Kothen period, as well as the famous Brandenburg concertos and many other well-known collections of instrumental music. It is not known whether Bachs works were performed during his lifetime or, if they were, who the performer was. Johann Georg Pisendel and Jean-Baptiste Volumier, both talented violinists in the Dresden court, have been suggested as possible performers, as was Joseph Speiss, leader of the orchestra in Kothen. Friedrich Wilhelm Rust, who would later become part of the Bach family circle in Leipzig, also became a likely candidate. 2] Bach himself also possibly gave the first performance. According to his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, in his youth, and until the approach of old age, he played the violin cleanly and powerfully. [edit] Manuscripts and major editions Upon Bachs death in 1750, the original manuscript passed into the possession, possibly through his second wife Anna Magdalena, of Johann Christoph Friedrich Bac h. It was inherited by the last male descendant of J. C. F. Bach, Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst, who passed it on to his sister Louisa of Buckeburg. It was discovered by Georg Polschau in St. Petersburg, under a pile of old music about to be used as wrapping paper. The manuscript itself was in poor condition and parts of the D minor Partita had been torn out. Two other manuscripts were also known to exist. One, identified as an authentic Bach autograph from his Leipzig period, was also acquired by Polschau from the Royal Library of Berlin. The other, a copy made by one of Bachs students Johann Peter Kellner, was well preserved, despite the fact that the B minor Partita was missing from the set. All three manuscripts have been in the possession of the Bach Gesellschaft since 1879, through the efforts of Alfred Dorffel. Three original editions are also known to have been published. The first edition was printed in 1802 by Nicolaus Simrock of Bonn. It was followed by the 1843 Ferdinand David edition released by Friedrich Kistner of Leipzig, which included Bachs original manuscript on a separate stave below the edited version. Lastly, there was Robert Schumanns 1854 edition, based on Davids 1843 edition, but with piano accompaniment, published by Breitkopf and Hartel, also in Leipzig. Another major edition was the 1909 edition of Josef Joachim and Hans Joachim Moser, which was the first edition to be released entirely based on the original Bach manuscript. Like David, the Joachim-Moser edition also included the unabridged manuscript. [edit] Musical structure The sonatas each consist of four movements, in the typical slow-fast-slow-fast pattern of the sonata da chiesa. The first two movements are coupled in a form of prelude and fugue. The third (slow) movement is lyrical, while the final movement shares the similar musical structure as a typical binary suite movement. Unlike the sonatas, the partitas are of more unorthodox design. Although still making use of the usual baroque style of allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue, with some omissions and the addition of galanteries, new elements were introduced into each partita to provide variety. [edit] The Chaconne (Ciaccona) in D minor The ciaccona (commonly known as Chaconne), the concluding movement of Partita No. 2 in D minor, BWV 1004, surpasses the duration of the previous four movements combined. Along with its disproportional relationship to the rest of the suite, it merits the emphasis given it by musicians and composers alike. The theme, presented in the first four measures in typical chaconne rhythm with a chord progression based on the repeated bass note pattern D D C? D B? G A D, begets the rest of the movement in a series of variations. The overall form is a triptych, the middle section of which is in major mode. It represents the pinnacle of the solo violin repertoire in that it covers every aspect of violin playing known during Bachs time. It is still one of the most technically and musically demanding pieces for the instrument. Since Bachs time, several different transcriptions of the piece have been made for other instruments, particularly for the piano (by Ferruccio Busoni) and for the piano left-hand (by Brahms), as well as for the guitar, first transcribed by Argentinian guitarist and composer Antonio Sinopoli. At least three transcriptions have been published for organ solo. An arrangement for full orchestra (1930) was famously recorded by Leopold Stokowski. Recently, a bassoon transcription by Arthur Weisberg was written to highlight the capabilities of his new key systems for the bassoon. Johannes Brahms, in a letter to Clara Schumann, said about the ciaccona: â€Å"| On one stave, for a small instrument, the man writes a whole world of the deepest thoughts and most powerful feelings. If I imagined that I could have created, even conceived the piece, I am quite certain that the excess of excitement and earth-shattering experience would have driven me out of my mind. | †| [edit] Movements | | | Sonata No. 1 in G minor, BWV 1001 1. Adagio 2. Fuga (Allegro) 3. Siciliana 4. Presto Though the key signature of the manuscript suggests D minor, such was a notational convention in the baroque period, and therefore does not necessarily imply that the piece is in the Dorian mode. The second movement, the fugue, would later be reworked for the organ (in the Prelude and Fugue, BWV 539) and the lute (Fugue, BWV 1000), with the latter being two bars longer than the violin version. Partita No. 1 in B minor, BWV 1002 1. Allemanda Double 2. Corrente Double (Presto) 3. Sarabande Double 4. Tempo di Borea Double This partita substitutes a Bourree (marked Tempo di Borea) for the gigue, and each movement is followed by variations called double in French. Sonata No. 2 in A minor, BWV 1003 1. Grave 2. Fuga 3. Andante 4. Allegro Partita No. 2 in D minor, BWV 1004 1. Allemanda 2. Corrente 3. Sarabanda 4. Giga 5. Ciaccona In the original manuscript, Bach marked Segue la Corrente at the end of Allemanda. Sonata No. 3 in C major, BWV 1005 1. Adagio 2. Fuga 3. Largo 4. Allegro assai The opening movement of the work introduced a peaceful, slow stacking up of notes, a technique once thought to be impossible on bowed instruments. The fugue is the most complex and extensive out of the three, with the subject derived from the chorale Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott. Bach employed every element imaginable on this fugue, which included a stretto, an inversion, as well as diverse sorts of double counterpoint. Partita No. 3 in E major, BWV 1006 1. Preludio 2. Loure 3. Gavotte en rondeau 4. Menuet I 5. Menuet II 6. Bourree 7. Gigue A transcription for lute was also made by the composer, cataloged as BWV 1006a.

3 Revised Run-In Lists

3 Revised Run-In Lists 3 Revised Run-In Lists 3 Revised Run-In Lists By Mark Nichol A run-in list is one that is incorporated into the body of a sentence, rather than formatted as a numbered, unnumbered, or bulleted list with each item on a separate line. Such a list, unfortunately, often invites errors when writers don’t attend to interrelationships among the items or become intimidated into believing that organizing the items is more complicated than it really is. Here are three types of errors introduced into run-in lists and how to remedy them. 1. â€Å"Students plant trees to halt coastal erosion, monitor water quality, and educate others about the importance of environmental stewardship.† As written, the sentence suggests that students plant trees to accomplish the three goals subsequently listed. However, the trees were planted only to control coastal erosion; the other two items in the sentence are separate activities. To eliminate ambiguity, reorder the three items, simultaneously improving the sentence rhythm by placing the activity descriptions in order according to the length of the phrase: â€Å"Students monitor water quality, plant trees to halt coastal erosion, and educate others about the importance of environmental stewardship.† 2. â€Å"With severe fetal alcohol syndrome, there can also be organ deformities, including heart defects; heart murmurs; genital malformations; kidney and urinary defects.† Semicolons are necessary in a sentence containing a run-in list only if one or more items in the list are themselves lists and the sentence cannot be reorganized otherwise. In this case, the list is not complex it consists of a simple roster of typical organ deformities and semicolons are not required. Also, the conjunction in â€Å"kidney and urinary defects† does not serve as a final conjunction in the list unless â€Å"kidney defects† and â€Å"urinary defects† are treated as distinct list items separated by a comma and the conjunction; because they are combined into one item, they must be preceded, as is, by a conjunction. However, to improve sentence rhythm, I placed â€Å"genital malformations† as the last item, so the conjunction precedes that phrase: â€Å"With severe fetal alcohol syndrome, there can also be organ deformities, including heart murmurs and other conditions, kidney and urinary defects, and genital malformations.† 3. â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it: reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.† A colon should precede a list only when what precedes the colon is a full clause. In this case, the preceding wording is a simple phrase; the colon between the pronoun and the verb is a clumsy interruption: â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.† (A colon is appropriate in this revision, which is wordier than necessary: â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it has the following outcomes: It reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsPredicate Complements

Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evidence base practice - Essay Example Thus, it is fundamental to explore the fundamental aspects of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) to determine its contribution to the provision of quality care. The scope The handout highlights essential elements that ensure stakeholders and various policy makers obtain credible information on Evidence Based Practice (EBP). The purpose of the study is highlighted so are the target population, objectives, critiques on the varied methods and major recommendations. The handout also covers the potential barriers to achieving effective Evidence based practice (EBP) in health institutions. These are vital in ensuring the provision of exemplary clinical services to patients. Purpose and target population The handout provides stakeholders in the health sector with information on the essentiality of Evidence Based Practice (EBP). The application of the practice is currently gaining momentum. This is because of its relevant in ensuring the provision of health services. The approach enhances the qua lity of clinical services provided by health officials (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). It is significant to note that clinical activities are crucial; thus, require proper execution by qualified professionals to avert any possible complication. The approach focuses on the integration of appropriate clinical equipments in institutions, hiring of highly qualified personnel, training staff and promoting the delivery of valuable services to patients. The target population includes students, patients, health professionals and customers (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). It also allows stakeholder to identify their role in enhancing excellent delivery of health services. The stakeholders would understand that this process requires proper coordination and understanding. This will enable the stakeholders to undertake health activities based on the ethical guidelines. Objectives and questions I. To establish the imperativeness of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the delivery of clinical services II. To investigate the role of nursing officials in ensuring absolute adoption of Evidence based practice (EBP) III. To establish the critical steps that lead to effective implementation of Evidence based practice (EBP) IV. To ascertain whether Evidence based practice (EBP) facilitates value addition in service delivery to clients Questions I. What is the usefulness of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the delivery of clinical services? II. What is the role of nursing officials in ensuring absolute adoption of Evidence based practice (EBP)? III. What are the critical steps that lead to effective implementation of Evidence based practice (EBP)? IV. Does Evidence Based Practice (EBP) facilitate value addition in service delivery to clients? Professions represented in the document The medical professionals represented in the document are nurses and individuals from diverse medical background, for example, clinical officers, doctors and diagnosticians. These professionals have t he capacity to implement the process (Melnyk & Morrison-Beedy, 2012). Additionally, diagnosticians are represented because they perform medical assessment that requires proper assessment and evidence procedures. This allows the identification of a patient’s health complications accurately. The target population has been chosen due to their relevance. Furthermore, health professio

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Book review - Essay Example Rotman School of Business at the University of Toronto. Don Tapscott’s Grown Up Digital (2009) examines the life of people who have grown up in the digital age. Tapscott’s idea for the book initially arose in the 1990s after viewing the rise of internet technology within his own family. He realized that the current generation is demonstrating proficiency with the internet and digital technology which the past generations can’t keep up with and this is making them notably different from these past generations. As a strategic business analyst he realized that it would be important to gain an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon, so he commissioned a large scale study to investigate the issue; the book is comprised from information the study found and personal insights from the author. One of the foundational assumptions of the book is that the defining characteristic of the post-Generation X generation is the overwhelming influence the world-wide-web has had on their lives. In characterizing this influence, the author deems this generation the Net Generation (refusing to settle on the often used Generation Y moniker because it ignores the highly individual characteristics of this new generation). According to Tapscott, the Net Generation spans from 1977 to 1997, including even more births than the Baby Boomers. Indeed, they have been deemed the Echo Generation in response to the Baby Boomers’ initial post-war explosion. One of the major tenants of the research is that because of the current explosion of the internet, the world has become a much more integrated place. Since globalization has progressed to this degree the research necessarily focused on international elements as well as those within the United States. John Geraci, the project manager of the research, stated, â€Å"For the first time ever, we can speak of a worldwide youth generation† (Tapscott, pg. 23). As a result, the research included twelve countries,

Logistics---answer the 6 questions within similar words count Essay

Logistics---answer the 6 questions within similar words count - Essay Example The services of supply chain and logistic ensure customer’s expectations fulfilled. Total quality management; therefore, ensures that supply chain and logistic supply quality products and services to the final consumers. Through total quality management, services of supply chain and logistics are of high quality. In addition, the employees of an organization are able to cooperate with the supply chain and logistic organization through the total quality management. Total quality management improves the quality of products. This is because through total quality management defects reduced, employees become ware of their functions in an organization and they work towards achieving organizational goals of maintaining high quality. Problem solving also become easier because employees work together towards achieving organizational goals, through total quality management techniques, customers get satisfaction from the products produced. Production costs also reduced because employees avoid defects and waste; therefore, there is no room for mistakes during production. Quality circles are organizational groups of employees and supervisors who gather to recognize, assess and find solutions to process and quality problems. Quality circles have the advantage of promoting teamwork in an organization. The idea of team spirit enhanced, and organizational conflicts eliminated. Quality circles employee also work with a positive attitude; therefore, improving the quality. In addition, personality advancement also enhanced. This is because though the circle employees get to learn new skills and the hidden abilities of employees revealed. The working environment also enhanced; employees included in the decision making of the organization in all stages. Productivity enhanced; quality products produced, as a result in addition costs also reduced. In a company such as Kentucky Fried

Safeguarding the Welfare and Innocence of a Child

Safeguarding the Welfare and Innocence of a Child Childhood experiences differ from person to person in many ways. One’s personal experience of childhood is likely to affect their understanding of childhood and their ideal vision of childhood. When I reminisce about childhood, the ideal vision of children frolicking around the park, having fun and carefree days comes to mind. As described by Rousseau, childhood is a brief period of sanctuary before encountering the perils and hardships of adulthood. This line by Rousseau: Why fill with bitterness the fleeting early days of childhood, days which will no more return for them than for you? encapsulates my ideal vision of childhood, a time of pure innocence that will never be recaptured and should be the best time of our lives (Hutchison Charlesworth 2000; Wood 2003). Brought up in Singapore as the youngest child in a family of four, my childhood experience was built upon an â€Å"Asian construction of childhood† with beliefs and ideas of Asian cultural influence. However , being the youngest child made me the perpetual â€Å"baby† of the family, with constant protection and showering of care. Coupled with the media’s constant representation of the innocent child through various movies and images, my view of childhood is inevitably skewed towards this image. The image of innocence recognizes a child’s vulnerability and immaturity, reflecting the need to provide care and protection in order to preserve the physical and spiritual purity of the child. James Prout (1990) recognized that while childhood innocence is a socially constructed phenomenon, biological immaturity is a fact of childhood. Therefore in this image, childhood is viewed separately from adulthood, with the responsibility of the young and innocent firmly in the hands of adults. It is further supported by the code of ethics in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), where adults are in a position of power, with the expectation of making decisions in the best interests of the child due to their innocence and perceived incapability of making the right decisions. In my experience of childhood, my brother and I were kept on constant adult supervision without the need or option to make any decisions. Everything was taken care of by Linda, our domestic worker fr om the Philippines and she was tasked to follow instructions and daily routines set out for us by my parents. Rousseau noted that children are born into an original natural state of essential goodness. However, their closeness with nature and natural goodness is being threatened or degraded by culture. In my infant years, protecting us from the ‘corruption’ of society was exactly what my parents wanted by limiting our exposure to sources of corruption such as violence in music, television and games. Postman (1983) highlighted a shift away from child innocence due to the myriad of media universally available to children. In recent years, the proliferation of technology and wider exposure to the Internet further deepened my view of the need to protect a child’s innocence. With more children playing games on internet-ready devices like the iPads, the ‘corruption’ of society slowly creeping into a child’s environment even without stepping out of h ome. While the image of innocence seem ideal at the infant stage to protect their innocence, upon further consideration, critics highlighted that continual treatment of a child in this view may hamper their development. . This is where I feel the limiting of experience and of opportunity may be critical and damaging for the child. As highlighted by Woodrow (1999), maintaining this focus as a child matures will deny them agency and inhibits the potential development of skills required to handle challenges in the future. With adults perceived as having power and responsibility over and for children, this raises another debatable point of whether they are always acting in the best interest of the child. In this construct of childhood innocence, Hutchison and Charlesworth (2000) argue that childhood becomes sentimentalized, while Docket (1998) feels that this nostalgic view stops us taking children seriously. Upon reflecting on my initial understanding and experience of the image of innocence, perhaps childhood consists of transitional phases consisting of multiple definitional perspectives. A transition into the frame of child development is a solution to progressively give a child more agency and Piaget’s view on childhood encapsulates it. Piaget noted the conception of childhood as certain transition stages of their lives at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years, where a child will develop from immaturity to rationality, increasing their ability to understand their surroundings and have new capabilities to undertake certain tasks. The child is now viewed in the image of an embryo adult, seen as ‘human becomings’ rather than ‘human beings’ in preparation for the future (Hutchison Charlesworth 2000). At the early stages, as the child is positioned as less knowing, it is the responsibility of parents to use their own knowledge or resources to groom and nurture the abilities of their children at home. Upon attending school, the child is subjected to a politically influenced curriculum designed by teachers, which pushes them to achieve results and judged on standardized tests (Woodrow 1999). In relating my childhood experience in this perspective, grooming a child to undertake certain tasks is a challenge and very much depends on whether the agentic child is willing to accept it. At the age of 7, I was enrolled for swimming lessons but strongly refused to do so due to my immaturity and lack of understanding about it. However, after carefully explaining to me the importance of swimming as a life skill 2 years later, the increase in rationality and readiness led me to acquire new capabilities. In other instances, I was coerced to accompany my older brother in attending other courses beyond my will, and such scenarios depict images of a tyrannical adult as opposed to loving guides. Therefore, the adult must take special considerat ion when faced with such situations, as it may result in the poor emotional connection between children and adults as noted by Hoffman (2000) within this construct of childhood. In addition to this, the adult will have to constantly ensure a child’s needs for emotional stability, security, confidence, self-esteem are met. These images are never stable or unitary and their meanings are contestable. It is easy to over-simplify and homogenize the idea of childhood, and the children who go through that phase of life, ignoring cultural influence that children experience which differentially produce conceptions of childhood (Woodrow 1999). Everyone’s childhood is a unique phase of life. The only commonality is how one’s childhood is a determining factor of how their life shapes out to be, and the way it will influence childhood for their kids. To a child, what matters most is parents, as they will learn everything from them. The underlying idea of childhood is complex, and the role that adults play is rather confusing. The UN CRC states that all children have a right to speak freely and to be listened to by adults over decisions that affect them. While we recognize that a child has the right to be heard, and that they should have a say in their plans for the future, just to how much extent should they be given that freedom? By putting power and responsibility in the hands of children, does this confuse the role of adults and their responsibilities of shaping childhood? How will this affect an adult’s role in making decisions in the best interest of the child? On the topic of best interest of a child, an adult should act in the best interest of the child, but what’s best for the child may not exactly be in the same view in the eyes of the child. Also, an adult may not always act in the best interest of the child but rather, the most convenient option. How then are we going to police what’s right and what’s wrong. There can be guidelines in place but whether it’s enforced in the compounds of a home is something beyond our control. At the end of the day, there’s no single correct way of raising a child, as there are way too many variables to consider. Each child is different, each parents has their own views on how to raise a child. We are unclear who is in charge of childhood: teachers, parents, politicians, or children themselves? Alongside listening to children, the real question we need to be asking, as parents, educators, employers and politicians, is: have we created a society that has destroyed the childhood we want for our children?