My values Essays - American Women In Business, Jordin Sparks

My values Essays - American Women In Business, Jordin Sparks 1247555 The Poetics of Popular Music November 7, 2014 My values Your values are the things that you truly believe in and that are very important to your eyes. They are supposed to affect the way you live and work by positively. They also determine your priorities, and deep down, theyre probably a type of measure you use to tell if youre living the kind of life you desire. If there was a song that would define my values, it would be the song Battlefield by Jordin Sparks. In my case, love is the value that defines me the most; it is portrayed by the way I demonstrate it towards my family, friends and my partner. Im surrounded by people who care and are very loving, but there comes times when we get into big fights. The speaker tell us that One minute it's love /and suddenly, It's like a battle-field (3-4). These lyrics are an example of when your loved ones show loving emotions towards you, but then all of sudden, it can blow up into a huge fight and you can be left feeling like youre fighting on a battlefield of love. I show love towards my belove d by being protective about certain thing like when someone is giving them hard time or when there are in need of help. Another lyric that illustrates well this situation is: I guess you better go and get your armor (36) because I hate seeing when people are miss treated by other people. It really affects me and gets on my nerves. It makes me want to help them, be there for them, in other words, to do something about it. That is why I am close bonded with the people that surround me. They know Ive got their back, and will defend them to the end. I realize that the writer used a technique in the song and it is the repetition of the word battlefield. In the song, the speaker is telling us that love is always a battlefield, because when something happens it gets your heart intertwined. Word count: 338 words Lyrics Don't try to explain your mind I know what's happening here One minute it's love and suddenly It's like a battle-field One word turns into a Why is it the smallest things that tear us down My world's nothing when you're gone I'm out here without a shield Can't go back now Both hands tied behind my back for nothing Oh no These times when we climb so fast to fall again Why we gotta fall for it now I never meant to start a war You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] Why does love always feel like Can't swallow our pride, Neither of us wanna raise that flag If we can't surrender then we both gonna lose what we had, oh no Both hands tied behind my back with nothing (nothing) Oh no, these times when we climb so fast to fall again I don't wanna fall for it now I never meant to start a war You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your We could pretend that we are friends tonight And in the morning we'll wake up and we'll be alright Cause baby we don't have to fight And I don't want this love to feel like A battlefield (oh), a battlefield (oh), a battlefield, Why does love always feel like a battlefield (oh), A battlefield (oh), a battlefield I guess you better go and get your armor I never meant to start a war (start a war) You know I never wanna hurt you Don't even know what we're fighting for (fighting, fighting for) Why does love always feel like ... a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) a battlefield (battlefield) [repeat] I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) I guess you better go and get your armor (get your armor) Get your armor (get your armor) [slowly fade] Why does love always feel like (whooaa ooow) Why does love always feel like (whooaa ooow) A battlefield, a battlefield.. [(whooaa

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Radiography Dissertation: Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Selecting a topic for a Radiography dissertation is one of the most difficult steps in the academic career. The topic should cover 2 tasks: on the one hand, it should be interesting to you, on the other hand it should be significant for the general research of the field. This article contains a few pieces of advice on how to come up with good ideas, choose the best topic and start writing the Radiology dissertation. Radiology Dissertation Topics In the past, radiology mainly involved X-Rays, but today, there are many forms of radiology. The following are the directions in which you can find a really interesting and unusual dissertation. As you can see, these topics discuss new technology, their relevance, and their pros and cons. History of Radiology Definition of Radiology Forms of Radiology Radiography Angiography Tomography by Using Modern Technology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Treatment Pros of Radiology Introduction to Radiology Choose your own direction, dig into it, and you are sure to come up with an engaging topic. Key Points on the Introduction for a Radiology Dissertation An introduction provides for a clear foundation for your topics, thesis and later, your research project. A draft of the introduction for a Radiology dissertation should be written early enough. This should be done when you hand over your research proposal. A proposal aims to tell the readers your extensive outline of ideas, why you seek to look into this subject and what you expect to find and establish. An introduction should be updated as many times as possible as your ideas evolve throughout paper writing. An updated preface will ensure that the dissertation remains on the right track. An excellent preface contains a statement of the research question and what you aim to find in your research. It should introduce and partly review the literature that is listed in your dissertation topic. This helps in highlighting what is known and explaining its framework. If your research is an argument, then the start is the best place for a researcher to give his or her own opinion. The introduction is supposed to show how your dissertation will enhance the theory behind your topic. The Proposal The introduction of your thesis will mostly come from your research proposal. The introduction should set the framework for the work to do later and highlight your point of views and research that was done before yours. It is supposed to emphasize why you decided to look into the area, what is expected to be found in the literature and what you hope to find out. Since you have now completed all the work at this stage, your introduction should be crystal clear by showing what you chose to investigate and your scope of practice. Some of the ideas that will help you in creating a strong dissertation introduction should include the following. Firstly, you should have a series of capturing sentences that grabs readers’ attention; Secondly, do not try to highlight broadly your whole dissertation in your introduction. Only outline the specific aspects of your thesis and points of view; Third, only promise what you are sure you have delivered; And lastly, keep your language simple and straightforward. It is essential to do this in your introduction and throughout the research.

Contemporary issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary issues in management - Essay Example Thus developments in telecommunications and transportation infrastructure comprising the emergence of the telegraph together with its posterity and recently the rise of the internet are key aspects of globalization, producing more interdependence of cultural and economic activities (Ritzer, 2011). According to scholars, globalisation can be traced long before the European advent in voyages and discovery of New World. There are even those that trace its origins to the 3rd millennium BCE Nevertheless, the cultures and economies of the world grew very fast as the 19th century came to an end and 20th century began. The phrase globalisation has been used increasingly since 1980s and particularly in the mid-1990s.Thus the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2000 identified 4 primary features of globalisation; transactions, trade, investment and capital movements, movement and migration of people as well as the distribution of knowledge. Moreover, environmental challenges like cross-boundary air pollution and water, over-fishing and climate change are all associated with globalisation. Various globalisation processes are affected and do affect business as well as work organization, socio-cultural resources, economics together with natural environment. Globalisation has also stimulated innovation. Thus American companies can for instance transfer technology to countries such as China. Thus, Apple’s iPad and iPhones were all prototyped and designed in California but their production is done in China. Thus China’s manufacturing competition is progressively more taking low-skill production while at the same time nurturing highly skilled innovations and inventions (Jones, 2010). In addition, around 15% of technological transformation in Europe previously can be directly accredited to Chinese imports competition, a yearly benefit of nearly 10 billion Euros to European economies. Thus, companies have reacted to China’s imports threat by adopting

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper ( Evolution of Management) Essay

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper ( Evolution of Management) - Essay Example The legislative acts such as Labor Management Relations Act and National Labor Relations Act were introduced because of employees increasing dissatisfaction. Along with the mentioned acts, many other were also introduced to resolve the issue of employees’ requirements and their fulfillment. According to Huston and Marquis (2008), many theories related to the working situations and other employees’ needs were proposed by theorists but these theories were not successful in giving the required outcome. Labor Management Relations Act Labor Management Relations Act, also called the Taft-Hartley Act was introduced in 1930s. The ambition behind introducing this act was to restrict employers to take unjustified actions against employees. Because of revolts by employees from different working industries, the influence of labor unions got improved. US federal government also started taking interest in the issues. The act also shows concern towards a consistent relationship betwee n management and labor union. The persecution of employees who are not part of the union, unacceptable membership charges, rejection of any deal with the management without considering its justness and unnecessarily suppressing of employers are some of the highlighted unjustified labor union actions in the act. Hughes, Kapoor and Pride (2009) inform that according to the act, the employers and management are authorized to inform the workers about merits and demerits of being a union member by giving the right knowledge to the workers. The strikes, which are precarious in terms of health and security of the nation, can be called off by the President of America according to the act. In addition, the workers are free to be a member of the union or reject it with their will. National Labor Relations Act National Labor Relations Act, also called the Wagner Act was introduced in 1935. This act gained existence in the period of Great Depression. Due to Great Depression, the employers have to minimize their functionalities, due to which, employees faced career uncertainty. Unions got active in order to support employees to get their rights. According to Jackson and Mathis (2007), collective bargaining was promoted by the US government under the Wagner act. The employees were not required to be a part of labor union to get their rights as they had the right to just management because of the act. According to Bohlander and Snell (2009), the Wagner Act highlighted certain unjust labor actions such as persecution of employees in terms of using their rights, keeping bias against the workers and rejection of the notion of collective bargain for opting for the workers’ spokespersons. Theorists Mary Parker Follett informed in her theory that management should be authoritative with employees or not over them. Employees and employers should form a relationship in which, they share authority and make decisions likewise. In this manner, processing and business functions wi ll be eased out. She introduced the term participative management in her essay, â€Å"The Giving of Orders†. Huston and Marquis (2008), inform about the theorist, Elton Mayo and his Harvard acquaintances who introduced Hawthorne effect. According to Huston and Marqui

Social networking paper Essay Example for Free

Social networking paper Essay Today, 1.5 billion people belong to an online social network, which is one out of every nine people in the world. If you are a part of this phenomenon, just how much does it affect your daily life? People join these sites for a wide variety of reasons. With just a few clicks you can speak to friends and family that may be millions of miles away; or check up on your favorite musicians latest updates. No matter what the reason, there is no denying that social networks have become a major part of society, in the work place, at home, and around the world. Many social networking sites are made for a specific group of people, such as Facebook for college students, or MySpace for music and party people. However, they all have a common structure. Once you sign up for a particular site, you will be asked a number of questions such as your name, age, location, interests, marital status, and possibly a small section to write an â€Å"about me.† Many sites also encourage uploading a profile picture, and some allow you to add a â€Å"skin† or some type of multimedia to your profile. Creating a profile on a social network allows you to define yourself however you wish to be seen. You are able to share your views, and express your interests. Many people feel a sense of independence and self esteem from using these sites. Some people may even create a â€Å"second† life and get lost in an online world, completely losing track of reality. People become addicted to social networking, losing sleep over these sites, ignoring their work duties, or even their loved ones to update a status or check the latest â€Å"trending topics.† According to affilatenetworking.com, as of April 5th 2012, the top five social networking sites are: Facebook, with an estimated 800 million users; Twitter, with an estimated 175 million users; Linkedin, with over 115 million users; Google Plus, with an estimated 90 million users; and Pintrest, which is a brand new social networking site, but is already in the top 30 most visited websites in the USA. With these sites having so ma ny active users, it makes sense that they are prime places to advertise. These sites are users of â€Å"targeted marketing†, meaning that they use information provided by you, to decide which advertisements to show. Facebook for example, uses things you â€Å"like†Ã‚  to determine what ads to show in the sidebar. So if you liked a Facebook page for Thai food, the ad shown on your homepage may be a Thai restaurant that is close to your provided location. Along with your likes, Facebook uses your location, sexuality, and relationship status as means to advertise. ​Companies are not the only ones using the growing popularity of social networks to their advantage; celebrities and artists do as well. They do not normally place ads on the page, but rather make their own Facebook or Twitter for publicity and to share their work. Lady Gaga, for example, has 45,633,442 Facebook fans and 16,862,231 Twitter followers. She is one of the more popular celebrities in social media, but definitely not the only one. Among the rather interesting list of users are: Barack Obama, Kanye West, Megan Fox, and even Oprah Winfrey. By using these sites, public figures such as the aforementioned can communicate with their fans, and share photos and videos with them. They can also promote their latest campaign, music, or movie release. If a celebrity wants to promote a social cause, social media is also a helpful tool to gain supporters. ​Even though social media has many great characteristics and outcomes, there are also some drawbacks and concerns. For example, privacy issues. Facebook and MySpace make it very easy to retrieve personal information and harm someone. Phishing and scams occur often, by scammers who try to steal your personal information for fraud or identity theft. There are also websites that are made to look exactly like your favorite social networking site to steal your password. Once they have the password, they are able use it to send out spam, and even viruses, from your account, or destroy your profile. ​The most venerable victims of social media dangers are children. Predators can pose as children with the same likes and interests as the child, and trick that child into telling them almost anything, including where they live. The safety of a child is at risk when they are on any social networking site. Predators are the biggest danger for children, but there are also scams that affect them. There are hackers or scammers that target children to use their identity to open a credit card, since the credit of a child is always in good condition. ​The problems with social media do not end with people that we don’t know. They also cause problems with the people that are close to us. According to a survey by the American Academy of Matrimonial lawyers, one in five divorces in the United States involve Facebook, and 80 percent of divorce  lawyers have reported a spike in the number of cases that use social media for evidence of cheating (Gardner, David). The websites offer an outside source of communication that never existed in the past, allowing people to reconnect with past lovers or meet new ones. They also provide a distraction that takes away from the time that intimate couples are supposed t o share. ​Many employers also use social networks in their hiring process. If a person seeking a job has certain information, comments, or pictures on their page, it can comprise the decision of the employer. The Washington Post released an article stating that there are now background checking services that exclusively run social media background checks for companies all over the country (Duran). A reference to drugs or even inappropriate jokes in a status can completely change a company’s decision. ​There are also cases that take social media past the hiring process, and use it as a cause to fire someone that is already working for them. In Pennsylvania, a teacher posted a picture of herself dressed as a pirate, holding a plastic cup, with the caption under the picture reading â€Å"drunken pirate.† She was then fired for promoting underage drinking. Whether or not these charges were fair, the facts cannot be changed; social media is public. It’s something that anyone can see, including employers, children, students, and parent s (Duran). ​However, social media does not have to be feared or avoided. The more aware users are to the potential dangers, the better. As long as they are used correctly, social networking sites are a great way to interact. Avoiding them would just keep you from communicating and interacting in our society. They provide many useful tools, and an enjoyable way to keep in touch. ​ A social networking site is an online community in which people can connect to other with similar interests. Since their start in 1995 with Classmates.com, social networking sites have grown immensely to include huge websites such as Facebook, YouTube, hi5, and orkut.com (scribd.com). Through these sites, people can communicate, meet new friends, and share information and common values. Businesses can communicate with employees, advertise new products, speak to consumers about current products, and even get ideas for new or improved products. Social networks have changed the way we live today. They provide a means of being socially involved that never existed, and there is no telling how far they will take us, how long they will be around, or how much more they will grow. As a young adult, I can say that social media  affects my life on a daily basis, as it does millions of others’. We are living in an era of the Internet, and there is no turning back now.

Comparing Paintings by Pablo Picasso and Alberto Morrocco Essay

Comparing Paintings by Pablo Picasso and Alberto Morrocco I have decided to contrast and compare paintings by cubist artist Pablo Picasso and contemporary artist Alberto Morrocco. I have studied their paintings to find out their influences and any similarities between their work. I have tried to find a source of their motivation and reason for their interpretations. Firstly, I am going to write about cubist artist, Pablo Picasso. Inspired by artist Paul Cezanne, the father of analytical cubism, Picasso attempted many styles of work. He experimented with different media and use of colour, throughout his artistic career. His paintings reflected his moods and attitudes, which changed several times during the course of his life. As a result of this, groups of his painting can be separated into 'periods'. A very famous period Picasso developed was his 'Blue Period', where the paintings of this time were blue in colour and portrayed him to be unhappy. An example of this is ' The Tragedy' painted in 1903. The painting is of a family standing on a beach, frozen like statues. In my perception, it takes on the image of a snapshot, eternally showing these still lonely figures. The painting looks cold due to Picasso's use of blue, submitting further the idea of unintimacy and absence of love within this solemn family. I understand why Picasso adopted such a melancholy atmosphere; it was a result of his friend committing suicide in 1901. His use of thick brush strokes and realistic perception of a family drowned by the presence of poverty, portray an image of deep sorrow and sadness. A painting that resembles Picasso's 'The Tragedy' is the 'Siesta' by Alberto Morrocco painted in 1971. Picasso and artist Henri Matisse had great influence Alberto Morrocco. Inspiration also came from his principal teacher James Cowie, who encouraged Morrocco to make painting his career. The 'Siesta' shows a female child sleeping naked on a table. Sitting behind her is a woman, presumably her mother, who is awake and holing a sunflower. This also can be perceived as a photographic image. I feel as though the woman is staring directly at the camera, her eyes fixated upon me. This highlights one similarity between Morrocco's 'Siesta' and Picasso's 'The Tragedy' purely by choice of composition. Another similarity I have discovered is that both art... ...to be in this painting, the egg would have rolled off. Both these paintings are similar also in colour. The colours used are bright, strong and effective. I believe that the colour concepts bring each painting to life. Picasso used natural colours to represent the natural significance of the objects in this painting. This makes me feel comfortable and at peace. Morrocco chose olive green, reds and blues to capture the essence of his native Italy. This, in my opinion, gives the painting a special quality and is very pleasing to look at. Picasso's 'Bread Fruit Dish on a Table' is a fantastic example of how he experimented with shape and tried to teach himself and learn through experience the techniques of analytical cubism. He later used this new knowledge to develop cubism further and create a new, unique style which he called synthetic cubism. Alberto Morrocco sought inspiration from Picasso's cubist phase and tried out the style himself. ' Homage a Braque' is a very interesting painting which clearly shows similarities between his paintings and those by Pablo Picasso. However, Morrocco gave an incentive of himself into his painting making it his own masterpiece.

Jews Without Money Essay

1. Make connections from the book to show how the immigrants who came to America in the late 1800’s tried to keep some of their â€Å"homeland† traditions alive in their new environment. Describe, at least 3 different examples of this. One way how the immigrants who came to America tried to keep their â€Å"homeland† traditions is when Jim and Antonia wanted to go see the new Russian’s who had lived in their town. When they visited Peter (One of the Russian’s), he wanted to keep the guests entertained, so he pulled out a harmonica and started playing it for them. Jim said that † Peter looked about perplexity for something that would entertain us. He ran into the storeroom and brought out a gaudily painted harmonica†(pg 29) this means that back in Russia they used harmonicas as a use of entertainment which is a homeland tradition. Another â€Å"homeland tradition† is when â€Å"Mr. Shimerda rose, crossed himself, and quietly knelt down before the tree†(pg 61) this means that the Bohemian family is very religious and the Burdens family doesn’t do that behavior. Another example of a homeland tradition is when Mr. Shimerda used to play his trombone in Russia with his friend and watch the flowers bloom which Antonia says â€Å"he used to sit there with his friend and play trombone†(pg 159) he couldn’t play his trombone anymore because he had no other friends over in America and the tradition died out since he moved to America. 2. Why did Mr. Shimerda commit suicide and how did it impact his family. Give 2 specific examples. Mr. Shimerda committed suicide because he was feeling depressed and couldn’t handle the stress. His only friends that he made in America had died and went back to their country, which was Pavel and Peter. Peter told Mr. Shimerda that â€Å"he was unable to meet a note which fell due on the first of November†(pg 38) which means that they were in debt and couldn’t pay Wick Cutter and this lead to him leaving America. Also when â€Å"Pavel strained himself lifting timbers for a new barn, and fell over among the shavings  with such a gush of blood from the lungs†(pg 38) he died shortly after this incident and wished to speak with Mr. Shimerda before he died which impacted him a lot into killing himself from the loss of his friends. Another reason why Mr. Shimerda killed himself is because his family didn’t have a lot of food stored up for winter â€Å"the potatoes had been frozen and were rotting, in the other was a little pile of flour†(pg 52) The loss of Mr. Shimerda friends and the shortage of food eventually led him to committing suicide. 3. How does the â€Å"coming of age† experience differ for Jim and Antonia as they move from childhood to adulthood? Explain one of their â€Å"coming of age† experiences from the book. The â€Å"coming of age† is definitely different between Jim and Antonia because they have totally different lives. Antonia has it a lot harder and she even tells this to Jim when she says â€Å"If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us.†(pg 96) Antonia can not have a normal child life as Jim has since she is too busy working on her farm, he asks her if she wants to join the first term of the school year but she says â€Å"I ain’t got time to learn. I can work like mans now. My mother can’t say no more how Ambrosch do all and nobody to help him†(pg 85) this shows that Jim can get a proper education by going to school but Antonia can not because of all the work that had to be done on her farm. When Antonia is older she works for Mr. Cutter, he is a very sick man who tries to rape Antonia when his wife is not in town. He buys a Mrs. Cutter a ticket for the train sends her away and tries to engage Antonia while she is gone. He puts jewelery under Antonia bed which gives him a reason to go in her room to seduce her and tells her not invite her friends to stay with her at night. Life for Antonia is a lot harder for her than it is for Jim. 4. How does the environment of the great plains impact the development of Jim and Antonia? As Jim grows older into adulthood what does he remember of the Great Plains. Do these memories create anxiety or bring comfort to Jim? Explain The environment of the great plains impacts Jim and Antonia in different ways. Jim feels that the environment of the great plains would be boring when he says â€Å"here was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the  material out of which countries are made. No, there was nothing but land slightly undulating†(pg 9) The environment that the Great Plains impacts Antonia is negative because she tells Jim â€Å"If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us.†(pg 96) This means that Jim and Antonia have different ways of viewing the environment that they live in. When Jim grows older he becomes more focussed in his studies but he still remembers the Great Plains and those memories comfort Jim. Jim says that â€Å"For the first time it occurred to me that I should be homesick for that river after I left it.† (pg 158) This means that for the first time Jim actually misses his old life on the Great Plains. 5. Compare the different immigrant groups differing values and religious beliefs to the traditional values of frontier life. Give 2-3 specific examples from the book. When Mr. Shimerda was alive he â€Å"rose, crossed himself, and quietly knelt down before the tree†(pg 61) on Christmas. He values what he has on Christmas and he sees how the Burden’s act on Christmas so this makes him pray in front of the Christmas Tree while Jim watches him. Christmas must be very important religiously to Mr. Shimerda because the Burden’s did not kneel in front of the tree. Mr. Shimerda is Catholic while the Burdens are Protestant. When Mr. Shimerda died â€Å"It developed that Mrs. Shimerda and Ambrosch wanted the old man buried on the southwest corner of their own land.†(pg 78) This was a custom in Bohemia and to the neighbors around them it looked bad. These are the different beliefs that the Shimerda’s had to the traditional ways of frontier life. 6. What symbols does Cather use to represent the key ideas in her novel? (hint: the plow, sunsets, the landscape, sunflowers) The landscape is used to represent a key idea of the novel because it represents how Jim feels about life on the Great Plains. Jim feels at first â€Å"For more than anything else I felt motion in the landscape; in the fresh, easy blowing morning wind, and in he earth itself†(pg 15) This means that the landscape made Jim feel good and in a mellow mood. It did not put him in negative feeling but made him feel fresh and happy. Cather uses flowers to represent home sickness for Antonia when she tells Jim â€Å"It makes me  homesick, Jimmy, this flower, this smell,†(pg 159) When Antonia smells this flower it makes her think of her country, this same feeling happens to Jim when he moves from the Great Plains to the city he still misses the old life he had as a child.

Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi

Designation of phylum cryptomycota within kingdom fungi Introduction The cryptomycota are considered to be to be an early branching clade of organisms, the only known members are species that belong in the genus Rozella (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011, James and Berbee 2012). It has been suggested due largely to the amount of environmental sequences collected the phylum may be as diverse as the whole kingdom fungi (Jones et al 2011).While Rozella were originally placed in the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota(Jones and Pang 2012), a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the Chytridiomycota found Rozella was in fact part of a separate linage considered to be the most basal lineage within the fungal kingdom (James et al 2006). Analysis of environmental DNA samples based on the analysis of SSU RNA (small subunit ribosomal RNA genes)had revealed 26 sequences, previously unknown, which clustered closely to two species of Rozella included in the survey (Lara et al 2010).Lara et al tentatively n amed this clade ‘Rozedilla' (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011). However this clade was expanded to include 40 sequences found in marine and freshwater environments. This clade was renamed cryptomycota to reflect the position of the group relative to the fungi and its mostly hidden nature, as a large number of the phylum are only known from SSU RNA environmental surveys and their similarity in morphology and life-cycle to the Rozella is unknown (Jones et al 2011).Cryptomycota cells from freshwater samples, most notably from the Washington Singer pond (Exeter University, Devon, UK, 50. 7339uN, 3. 5375uW), were visualised with fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. These target cells were shown to be small eukaryotes 3 to 5 ? meters in length (Jones et al 2011). Counter-staining with TAT1 tubulin revealed The target cells capable of forming a microtubule based flagellum (see fig 1)(Jones et al 2011). Chitin was not found in any of the morphs observed, this was tested by co-staining with cell wall markers (calcofluor white and lectin wheat germ agglutinin).Cellulose was also not present (Jones et al 2011). FIG 1: Micrographs showing flagella on cryptomycota cells, as detected by TAT1 tubulin antibody(Jones et al 2011) This study led Jones et al to the conclusion that the Cryptomycota were an intermediate group between fungus and protists. Others such as James and Berbee contend that †they may have lost their â€Å"dinner jacket† through convergence. Rather than evolutionary intermediates, the cryptomycota may be strange, divergent fungi † (James and Berbee 2012).The term †dinner jackets† here refers to cell walls. Some such as Griffith, Voight and Kirk would not consider the phylum fungal, but a non fungal opisthkonta like the Microsporidia(2011). In this essay I intended to explore the evidence both for and against the inclusion of the phylum Cryptomycota in the kingdom fungi. To do this it is important to understand the characteristics and life-cycle of Cryptomycota and what makes an organism part of the kingdom fungi. Characteristics of CryptomycotaThe known Cryptomycota :Rozella is a genus of entirely parasitic species that infect the thalli and sporidia of Chytridiomycota , Blastocladiomycota and some species of Oomycota. Study of Rozella allomycis , the only cultured Rozella species has shown it does ,unlike Fungi, not process cell walls at any time during there trophic phases like Fungi however they exhibit a zoosporic uniflagilate stage in which they propagate(Jones and Pang 2012) . James and Berbee demonstrated that chitin is present in the inner cell wall of immature spores via calcofluor white staining(2012).Zoospores attach to receptors on the surface of its host ,penetrating its surface with a germ tube before developing a naked multinucleate sporangium (Jones and Pang 2012)It is theorised that the uptake of nutrients is via phagocytosis (Powell 1984), however this is not known to be true of all Rozella. Zoospores form inside the host before being explosive discharged from exit papillae(Jones and Pang 2012) . Jones et al's observation of Cryptomycota cells show a certain similarity to the life-cycle of Rozella.Three life stage cycles were observed (fig 2), a zoosporic uniflagelate morph ,a non-flagellate cyst morph and a parasitic morph where the organism is attached to a host diatom . Jones et al admit, however, that stages in the life-cycle are likely to have been missed in their study and due to the diversity of the Cryptomycota, the life-cycle is unlikely to represent the entirety of the group (2011). Chitin was not found in any of the stages observed (Jones et al 2011) FIG 2:Putative Cryptomycota skeleton life-cycle (Jones et al 2011)Are Cryptomycota fungi? The penguin dictionary of biology defines Fungi as a kingdom of eukaryotic primarilary acellular organisms typically organised into cylindrical hypha . Their nutrition is osmotrophic and never phagotrop hic . Hyphal walls are characterised by chitin and ? -glucans (2004). Cryptomycota differs greatly from this standard definition of a fungi by not processing a cell wall ,forming hyphae and is likely to be phagotrophic. There are other organisms that are included in the kingdom fungi that do not fit with these definitions .For example yeasts reproduce by budding and are not organised into hypha. Zoospores are a shared characteristic with zoosporic true fungi and in most phylogenies constructed Cryptomycota are basal to fungi. Information on the life cycle stages is incomplete , it is possible some examples of cryptomycota process a chitinous cell wall at some stage in their life-cycles (Jones et al 2011). As a lot is uncertain about the cryptomycota it is hard to include or exclude them from the kingdom fungi and it seems premature to dub them the most basal fungi .As James and Berbee suggest the loss of a chitinous cell wall may be a secondary adaptation to parasitism not indicatio n of a basal fungi (2012). Almost anything could be found and much needs to be before they can be defined as true fungi such as observation of cell division and determination whether members of cryptomycota are phagotrophic or not. What is certain that if this phylum is included in the kingdom fungi , the definition for the whole group must change.

Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essays

Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essays Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essay Bach Sonatas and Partitas Essay Sonatas and partitas for solo violin (Bach) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia First Sonata for Solo Violin: Adagio (Autograph 1720) The Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin (BWV 1001–1006) are a set of six works composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. They consist of three sonatas da chiesa, in four movements, and three partitas, in dance-form movements. The set was completed by 1720, but was only published in 1802 by Nicolaus Simrock in Bonn. Even after publication, it was largely ignored until the celebrated violinist Josef Joachim started performing these works. Today, Bachs Sonatas and Partitas are an essential part of the violin repertoire, and they are frequently performed and recorded. The Sei Solo – a violino senza Basso accompagnato, as Bach titled them, firmly established the technical capability of the violin as a solo instrument. The pieces often served as an archetype for solo violin pieces for the following generations of composers including Eugene Ysaye, Bela Bartok, and Paul Hindemith. * | [edit] History of composition Bach started composing these works around 1703, while at Weimar, and the set was completed by 1720, when Bach was a Kapellmeister in Kothen. 1] He was almost certainly inspired by Johann Paul von Westhoffs partitas for solo violin, since he worked alongside Westhoff at Weimar, and the older composers pieces share some stylistic similarities with Bachs. Solo violin repertoire was actively growing at the time: Heinrich Ignaz Bibers celebrated solo passacaglia appeared c. 1676, Westhoffs collections of solo vi olin music were published in 1682 and 1696, Johann Joseph Vilsmayrs Artificiosus Concentus pro Camera in 1715, and finally, Johann Georg Pisendels solo violin sonata was composed around 1716. The tradition of writing for solo violin did not die after Bach, either; Georg Philipp Telemann published 12 Fantasias for solo violin in 1735. The tradition of polyphonic violin writing was already well-developed in Germany, particularly by Biber, Johann Heinrich Schmelzer, and the composers of the so-called Dresden school Johann Jakob Walther and Westhoff. Bachs Weimar and Kothen periods were particularly suitable times for composition of secular music, for he worked as a court musician. Bachs cello and orchestral suites date from the Kothen period, as well as the famous Brandenburg concertos and many other well-known collections of instrumental music. It is not known whether Bachs works were performed during his lifetime or, if they were, who the performer was. Johann Georg Pisendel and Jean-Baptiste Volumier, both talented violinists in the Dresden court, have been suggested as possible performers, as was Joseph Speiss, leader of the orchestra in Kothen. Friedrich Wilhelm Rust, who would later become part of the Bach family circle in Leipzig, also became a likely candidate. 2] Bach himself also possibly gave the first performance. According to his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, in his youth, and until the approach of old age, he played the violin cleanly and powerfully. [edit] Manuscripts and major editions Upon Bachs death in 1750, the original manuscript passed into the possession, possibly through his second wife Anna Magdalena, of Johann Christoph Friedrich Bac h. It was inherited by the last male descendant of J. C. F. Bach, Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst, who passed it on to his sister Louisa of Buckeburg. It was discovered by Georg Polschau in St. Petersburg, under a pile of old music about to be used as wrapping paper. The manuscript itself was in poor condition and parts of the D minor Partita had been torn out. Two other manuscripts were also known to exist. One, identified as an authentic Bach autograph from his Leipzig period, was also acquired by Polschau from the Royal Library of Berlin. The other, a copy made by one of Bachs students Johann Peter Kellner, was well preserved, despite the fact that the B minor Partita was missing from the set. All three manuscripts have been in the possession of the Bach Gesellschaft since 1879, through the efforts of Alfred Dorffel. Three original editions are also known to have been published. The first edition was printed in 1802 by Nicolaus Simrock of Bonn. It was followed by the 1843 Ferdinand David edition released by Friedrich Kistner of Leipzig, which included Bachs original manuscript on a separate stave below the edited version. Lastly, there was Robert Schumanns 1854 edition, based on Davids 1843 edition, but with piano accompaniment, published by Breitkopf and Hartel, also in Leipzig. Another major edition was the 1909 edition of Josef Joachim and Hans Joachim Moser, which was the first edition to be released entirely based on the original Bach manuscript. Like David, the Joachim-Moser edition also included the unabridged manuscript. [edit] Musical structure The sonatas each consist of four movements, in the typical slow-fast-slow-fast pattern of the sonata da chiesa. The first two movements are coupled in a form of prelude and fugue. The third (slow) movement is lyrical, while the final movement shares the similar musical structure as a typical binary suite movement. Unlike the sonatas, the partitas are of more unorthodox design. Although still making use of the usual baroque style of allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue, with some omissions and the addition of galanteries, new elements were introduced into each partita to provide variety. [edit] The Chaconne (Ciaccona) in D minor The ciaccona (commonly known as Chaconne), the concluding movement of Partita No. 2 in D minor, BWV 1004, surpasses the duration of the previous four movements combined. Along with its disproportional relationship to the rest of the suite, it merits the emphasis given it by musicians and composers alike. The theme, presented in the first four measures in typical chaconne rhythm with a chord progression based on the repeated bass note pattern D D C? D B? G A D, begets the rest of the movement in a series of variations. The overall form is a triptych, the middle section of which is in major mode. It represents the pinnacle of the solo violin repertoire in that it covers every aspect of violin playing known during Bachs time. It is still one of the most technically and musically demanding pieces for the instrument. Since Bachs time, several different transcriptions of the piece have been made for other instruments, particularly for the piano (by Ferruccio Busoni) and for the piano left-hand (by Brahms), as well as for the guitar, first transcribed by Argentinian guitarist and composer Antonio Sinopoli. At least three transcriptions have been published for organ solo. An arrangement for full orchestra (1930) was famously recorded by Leopold Stokowski. Recently, a bassoon transcription by Arthur Weisberg was written to highlight the capabilities of his new key systems for the bassoon. Johannes Brahms, in a letter to Clara Schumann, said about the ciaccona: â€Å"| On one stave, for a small instrument, the man writes a whole world of the deepest thoughts and most powerful feelings. If I imagined that I could have created, even conceived the piece, I am quite certain that the excess of excitement and earth-shattering experience would have driven me out of my mind. | †| [edit] Movements | | | Sonata No. 1 in G minor, BWV 1001 1. Adagio 2. Fuga (Allegro) 3. Siciliana 4. Presto Though the key signature of the manuscript suggests D minor, such was a notational convention in the baroque period, and therefore does not necessarily imply that the piece is in the Dorian mode. The second movement, the fugue, would later be reworked for the organ (in the Prelude and Fugue, BWV 539) and the lute (Fugue, BWV 1000), with the latter being two bars longer than the violin version. Partita No. 1 in B minor, BWV 1002 1. Allemanda Double 2. Corrente Double (Presto) 3. Sarabande Double 4. Tempo di Borea Double This partita substitutes a Bourree (marked Tempo di Borea) for the gigue, and each movement is followed by variations called double in French. Sonata No. 2 in A minor, BWV 1003 1. Grave 2. Fuga 3. Andante 4. Allegro Partita No. 2 in D minor, BWV 1004 1. Allemanda 2. Corrente 3. Sarabanda 4. Giga 5. Ciaccona In the original manuscript, Bach marked Segue la Corrente at the end of Allemanda. Sonata No. 3 in C major, BWV 1005 1. Adagio 2. Fuga 3. Largo 4. Allegro assai The opening movement of the work introduced a peaceful, slow stacking up of notes, a technique once thought to be impossible on bowed instruments. The fugue is the most complex and extensive out of the three, with the subject derived from the chorale Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott. Bach employed every element imaginable on this fugue, which included a stretto, an inversion, as well as diverse sorts of double counterpoint. Partita No. 3 in E major, BWV 1006 1. Preludio 2. Loure 3. Gavotte en rondeau 4. Menuet I 5. Menuet II 6. Bourree 7. Gigue A transcription for lute was also made by the composer, cataloged as BWV 1006a.

3 Revised Run-In Lists

3 Revised Run-In Lists 3 Revised Run-In Lists 3 Revised Run-In Lists By Mark Nichol A run-in list is one that is incorporated into the body of a sentence, rather than formatted as a numbered, unnumbered, or bulleted list with each item on a separate line. Such a list, unfortunately, often invites errors when writers don’t attend to interrelationships among the items or become intimidated into believing that organizing the items is more complicated than it really is. Here are three types of errors introduced into run-in lists and how to remedy them. 1. â€Å"Students plant trees to halt coastal erosion, monitor water quality, and educate others about the importance of environmental stewardship.† As written, the sentence suggests that students plant trees to accomplish the three goals subsequently listed. However, the trees were planted only to control coastal erosion; the other two items in the sentence are separate activities. To eliminate ambiguity, reorder the three items, simultaneously improving the sentence rhythm by placing the activity descriptions in order according to the length of the phrase: â€Å"Students monitor water quality, plant trees to halt coastal erosion, and educate others about the importance of environmental stewardship.† 2. â€Å"With severe fetal alcohol syndrome, there can also be organ deformities, including heart defects; heart murmurs; genital malformations; kidney and urinary defects.† Semicolons are necessary in a sentence containing a run-in list only if one or more items in the list are themselves lists and the sentence cannot be reorganized otherwise. In this case, the list is not complex it consists of a simple roster of typical organ deformities and semicolons are not required. Also, the conjunction in â€Å"kidney and urinary defects† does not serve as a final conjunction in the list unless â€Å"kidney defects† and â€Å"urinary defects† are treated as distinct list items separated by a comma and the conjunction; because they are combined into one item, they must be preceded, as is, by a conjunction. However, to improve sentence rhythm, I placed â€Å"genital malformations† as the last item, so the conjunction precedes that phrase: â€Å"With severe fetal alcohol syndrome, there can also be organ deformities, including heart murmurs and other conditions, kidney and urinary defects, and genital malformations.† 3. â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it: reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.† A colon should precede a list only when what precedes the colon is a full clause. In this case, the preceding wording is a simple phrase; the colon between the pronoun and the verb is a clumsy interruption: â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.† (A colon is appropriate in this revision, which is wordier than necessary: â€Å"Preliminary research shows that it has the following outcomes: It reduces the risk of trauma, decreases the frequency and severity of alcohol misuse, and increases enrollment in specialized alcohol abuse treatment.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsPredicate Complements

Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evidence base practice - Essay Example Thus, it is fundamental to explore the fundamental aspects of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) to determine its contribution to the provision of quality care. The scope The handout highlights essential elements that ensure stakeholders and various policy makers obtain credible information on Evidence Based Practice (EBP). The purpose of the study is highlighted so are the target population, objectives, critiques on the varied methods and major recommendations. The handout also covers the potential barriers to achieving effective Evidence based practice (EBP) in health institutions. These are vital in ensuring the provision of exemplary clinical services to patients. Purpose and target population The handout provides stakeholders in the health sector with information on the essentiality of Evidence Based Practice (EBP). The application of the practice is currently gaining momentum. This is because of its relevant in ensuring the provision of health services. The approach enhances the qua lity of clinical services provided by health officials (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). It is significant to note that clinical activities are crucial; thus, require proper execution by qualified professionals to avert any possible complication. The approach focuses on the integration of appropriate clinical equipments in institutions, hiring of highly qualified personnel, training staff and promoting the delivery of valuable services to patients. The target population includes students, patients, health professionals and customers (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). It also allows stakeholder to identify their role in enhancing excellent delivery of health services. The stakeholders would understand that this process requires proper coordination and understanding. This will enable the stakeholders to undertake health activities based on the ethical guidelines. Objectives and questions I. To establish the imperativeness of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the delivery of clinical services II. To investigate the role of nursing officials in ensuring absolute adoption of Evidence based practice (EBP) III. To establish the critical steps that lead to effective implementation of Evidence based practice (EBP) IV. To ascertain whether Evidence based practice (EBP) facilitates value addition in service delivery to clients Questions I. What is the usefulness of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the delivery of clinical services? II. What is the role of nursing officials in ensuring absolute adoption of Evidence based practice (EBP)? III. What are the critical steps that lead to effective implementation of Evidence based practice (EBP)? IV. Does Evidence Based Practice (EBP) facilitate value addition in service delivery to clients? Professions represented in the document The medical professionals represented in the document are nurses and individuals from diverse medical background, for example, clinical officers, doctors and diagnosticians. These professionals have t he capacity to implement the process (Melnyk & Morrison-Beedy, 2012). Additionally, diagnosticians are represented because they perform medical assessment that requires proper assessment and evidence procedures. This allows the identification of a patient’s health complications accurately. The target population has been chosen due to their relevance. Furthermore, health professio